Formulation and Evaluation of Diuretic Herbal Liquid Syrup from Hemidesmus indicus
Waghulkar VM
Vidyabharati college of Pharmacy, camp, Amravati- 444601. (M.S.)
*Corresponding Author E-mail: vmw4u@rediffmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Plant medicines are traditionally used for the treatment of some renal diseases and also have been reported to show significant diuretic activity. In the present study powder of Hemidusmus indicus root was extracted with distilled water to get aqueous extract. During development of syrup, several combinations of sucrose, sorbitol, glycerin, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and distilled water were tried. The formulation was checked for its stability and consistency. Depending upon the results of evaluation, the formula had been finalized for liquid syrup preparation. Among different compositions, good consistency was obtained using sucrose, sorbitol, glycerin, methyl paraben, propyl paraben in the ratio 30:10:2.2:0.07:0.03. Also, better acceptability was obtained by incorporation of mint flavor (0.2%). The specific gravity of syrup was found to be 1.06068 g/ml. The refractive index and viscosity was found to be 1.339 and 2.4216cp.The pH was found to be 5.62 .The single drug preparation can be used for diuretic activity for elderly patients since oral route for single drug preparation is one of the simplest and claimed to be safest.
KEYWORDS: Hemidusmus indicus, herbal syrup, diuretic, Asclepiadaceae.
INTRODUCTION:
Owing to the global trend towards improved ‘Quality of life’, there is a considerable evidence of an increase in demands for medicinal plants1. Plant medicines are traditionally used for the treatment of some renal diseases and also have been reported to show significant diuretic activity2 Root of Hemidismus indicus belonging to family asclerpiadaceae are traditionally used for diaphoretic and diuretic activity. It is also employed in nutritional disorder, syphilis, gravel and other urinary diseases. Plant root contains coumarino lignoids (Hemidesminine, Hemidesminine-1, and Hemidesminine-2), p-Methoxy salicyic aldehyde, lupeol, small amounts of tannins, resin acids, Saponin and aglycoside etc3. The steroidal tetracyclic triterpenoids is regarding as a major active principle having pharmacological action. Since elderly patients having problems of pressure development for the flow of urine can more conveniently administered liquid syrup it is the best option for tablets and capsule. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to developed liquid syrup formulation and to evaluate it with different parameters for its consistency.
MATERIALS AND METHOD:
Hemidismus indicus root was collected locally from surrounding area of Nagpur and authenticated in the Pharmacognosy department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Nagpur. Dried root was grinded to a fine powder in a suitable grinder mixture. Shade dried powder was extracted with distilled water, to get semisolid aqueous extract. The solvent was removed using rotary evaporator to get brown semisolid extract. Various possible combination of formulation containing 5g extract of Hemidusmus Indicus were tried to choose the most suitable combination having better consistency. Solvent adjuster like ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol, glycerins, and sweeteners like sucrose and sorbital were used in the preparation. Use of combination of solvent adjuster’s decreases volume of alcohol required and increases palatability of preparation4. Since methyl paraben is reputed to posses greater activity against mould growth while propyl paraben is more active against yeast, these two were employed in combination. The extracts of anantmul were dissolved in solvent systems in stoppered test tubes by cyclomixing for 15 minutes to get uniform solution. The resultant solution was then followed by different combination of given ingredients to prepare syrup. Depending upon the results of evaluation the formula had been finalized for syrup preparation. The syrup thus obtained was evaluated for its organeoleptic properties like color, odour, taste and physical properties like refractive index, specific gravity, viscosity and pH5.6.7,8.
Table no.1: Different composition of the ingredients tried during formulation Development
S. No. |
Ingredients |
Different composition of the ingredients containing 5g aqueous extract of H. Indicus (in %) |
|||||||||
I |
II |
III |
IV |
V |
VI |
VII |
VIII |
IX |
X |
||
i |
Sucrose |
5 |
15 |
20 |
25 |
30 |
35 |
40 |
45 |
50 |
55 |
ii |
Sorbitol |
|
6 |
5 |
5 |
10 |
15 |
20 |
15 |
20 |
20 |
iii |
Glycerin |
1.8 |
1.9 |
2 |
2.1 |
2.2 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.5 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
iv |
Methyl paraben |
0.07 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
v |
Propyl paraben |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
vi |
Flavor |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
v |
Distilled water |
q.s. |
q.s. |
q.s. |
q.s. |
q.s. |
q.s. |
q.s. |
q.s. |
q.s. |
q.s. |
q. s. = Quantity sufficient
Table 2- Results of finalized formulation
S. No. |
Specifications |
Limits |
Observations |
1 |
Organoleptic properties |
||
|
State |
Liquid |
Liquid |
Color |
Brown |
Brown |
|
Odour |
Characteristic |
Characteristic |
|
Taste |
Sweet |
Sweet |
|
2 |
Physical Properties |
||
|
Specific gravity |
1.00-1.50 g/ml |
1.06068 g/ml |
Refractive index |
NMT 2 |
1.33 |
|
Clarity |
Clear |
Clear |
|
Viscosity |
2.0-4.0 cp |
2.4216 cp |
|
pH |
4.0-6.0 |
5.62 |
|
3 |
Microbial load |
||
|
T.M.C. |
NMT 100 |
78 |
Limit tests: E.Coli, S. aures, Salmonella and P. aeruginosa, |
No Characteristic colonies |
Complies |
NMT – Not more than, NLT-Not less than, TMC-Total microbial count
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Plant drugs are now receiving great attention for their therapeutics and because of this extensive research are now being carried out in this area. Among different compositions (containing 5g aqueous extract of Hemidismus indicus) good consistency was obtained by incorporating sucrose, sorbitol, glycerin, methyl paraben, propyl paraben in the ratio 30:10:2.2:0.07:0.03. Also better acceptability was obtained by incorporation of mint flavor (0.2%). The parameters such as organeoleptic properties and physical properties like refractive index, specific gravity, viscosity and pH were evaluated. Specific gravity was determined by using pycnometer and was found to be 1.06068 g/ml. Refractive index was measured by using Abbe’s refractometer and was found to be 1.339. Viscosity obtained by Brookfield viscometer was found to be 2.4216 Cp and pH was by to be 5.62 by pH meter. Thus, the single drug preparation can be used for diuretic activity for elderly patients since oral route for single drug preparation is one of the simplest and claimed to be safest.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
Authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. K. P. Bhusari, Principle, Sharad Pawar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur for providing valuable support to carry out research work.
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Received on 22.04.2009 Modified on 20.06.2009
Accepted on 25.07.2009 © RJPT All right reserved
Research J. Pharm. and Tech.2 (4): Oct.-Dec. 2009; Page 870-871