Hypolipidemic Activity of Amaranthus Tristis Linn in Triton
WR-1339 Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats.
T. Sundarrajan1, Vijey Aanandhi M2*
1Research Scholar, Department of
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels University (VISTAS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
2Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels
University (VISTAS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: hodpchemistry@velsuniv.ac.in
ABSTRACT:
Hyperlipidemia is the greatest risk factor of coronary
heart disease. Currently available hypolipidemic
drugs have been associated with number of side effects. Herbal treatment for hyperlipidemia has no side effects and is relatively low
cost and locally available.plant has been selected
for this study present study. The aim is to perform on anti-hyperlipidemic
activity of ethanolic extract of leaves of Amaranthus tristis
Linn against Triton wr-1339 induced hyperlipidemia
in rats. Amaranthus tristis Linn administered a dose of 200mg/kg (p.o) to the
triton induced hyperlipidemic rats. Amaranthus tristis Linn shows a significant decrease in the levels
of serum cholesterol, phospholipids, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and significant
increase in the level of serum HDL level.
KEYWORDS: Amaranthus tristis Linn
, Hyperlipidemia. LDL, VLDL,
HDL.
1. INTRODUCTION:
The main aim of
providing to treat the hyperlipidemic patients with hyperlipidemia is to reduce the risk of developing ischemic
heart disease or the occurrence of
cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease.
Currently available hypolipidemic drugs have been
associated with number of side effects. Medicinal plants have long history to
use for various health purposes due to presence of some phytoconstituents1.
An herbal treatment for hypercholesterolemia has no side effects and is
relatively less cost, readialy available. They are
effective in control of lipid levels in the system2. Amaranthus tristis Linn is monoecious herb, and is around
100-300 cm height. It probably cultivated
in India and China, and it is found throughout India in waste places.
It
is widely spread in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Common name
of this plant known as green amaranth in English.This
plant is growing under a wide range of climatic conditions and they are able to
produce leafy edible vegetables. Current industrial and public use of Amaranth
plant has not only been linked to its recognized nutritional properties, but
also to its potential beneficial use as therapeutic adjunct in diets for
hypercholesterolemia susceptible individuals 3 .
2. MATERIALS AND
METHODS:
2.1
Collection of Medicinal Plant:
Fresh leaves of Amaranthus tristis Linn were collected from Gingee at Vilupuram district,
Tamil nadu.India. The plant was authenticated by Dr.P.Jayaraman, Director, Plant Anatomy Research Centre
(PARC) Tambaram,Chennai. A herbarium specimen of the
plant (APCP-3/2015) was preserved in the Department of Pharmacognosy for
further reference.
2.2 Preparation of Plant Extract:
The stem and
leaves, are shade dried, and made course powder with help of dry mechanical
grinder, and passed through the sieve
number 60. The powdered stem and leaves were extracted by using soxhleation
method. The powder defatted with petroleum ether (40-60°C) and extract with ethanol. Extracts
were evaporated to dryness and perform preliminary phytochemical
screenings was done using the standard procedure4.
2.3 Animals:
Female Swiss
albino mice weighing between 20-30gms
were used for oral acute toxicity study because it shows greater sensitivity to treatment.
Wistar albino adult rats were used for this pharmacological study5.
The animals were allowed to acclimatize to the environment for 7 days and
supplied with a standard pellet diet were collected from Hindustan Lever Ltd,
Bangalore. The study has been approved by the Instituitional
Animal Ethics Committee, Vels University XVI/CPCSEA/ VELS/IAEC/21.10.2000/14.
2.4 Pharmacological Evaluation:
The Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups
of six rats each. First were given water and orally administered with 5% CMC.
Second group were given a single dose of triton wr-1339 was administered 400 mg/kg. with 5% CMC. After 72
hours of triton injection received a daily dose of 5% CMC (p.o)
for 7 days. According to OECD- 423 guidelines extract value third group was
administered a daily dose of ethanolic extract
of Amaranthus tristis Linn 200mg/kg suspended in 5% CMC (p.o) for 7 days, after inducing hyperlipidemia.
Forth group were recived Fenofibrate
65mg/kg for 7 days6.
2.5 Collection of Blood:
On the 8thday
the blood was collected by aseptic retero orbital
sinus puncture method, under mild ether anesthesia. The collected samples were
centrifuged for 10 minutes7-9 Then separate serum samples were
collected and it is used for various biochemical parameters, Then animals were
sacrificed and collected the liver10
2.6 Liver Lipid Extraction:
The liver was
homogenized with 0.15M KCl in ice cold condision.and extract with CHCl3: CH3OH
(2% v/v). This lipid extract was used for the estimation of lipid
parameters11.
2.7 Biochemical analysis:
The serum and
liver were assayed total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, low-density
lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The serum
cholesterol levels were determined by Zak’s method12. The
triglyceride, phospholipids, , LDL and VLDLand serum
HDL was evaluated by using standard methods13
3. RESULTS:
The prliminoryphytochemical
tests of the etanolic extract of Amaranthus
tristisLinn
revealed that presence of phytosteroids, tannins, bioflavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins,
and amino acids. In acute toxicity study the ethanolic extract of Amaranthus tristisLinn did not produce toxicity up to the dose level
of 2000mg/kg.
Table 1. Effect of Ethanoic Extract of Amaranthus tristis Linn
on HDL, LDL and VLDL in serum of control and experimental rats.
|
Groups |
Parameters Mean ± SEM |
||
|
HDL |
LDL |
VLDL |
|
|
Control |
23.22±2.31 |
24.67 ± 1.78 |
14.66 ± 2.51 |
|
Triton treated |
17.70 ± 6.10a |
154.52 ± 8.51 a |
23.1 ± 2.01 a |
|
Triton + Amaranthus
tristis(200 mg/ kg) |
24.10 ± 3.11b |
30.33 ± 3.51b |
15.32 ± 2.11 b |
|
Triton + Fenofibrat (65mg/kg) |
24.30 ± 3.10 b |
25.71 ± 3.34 b |
14.3 ± 2.10 b |
Values are in mean ± SEM; Number of animals in each group = 5; a p < 0.001 Vs Group I; b p < 0.001 Vs
Group II.
Table 2. Effect of Ethanoic Extract of Amaranthus tristis Linn
on Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Phospholipids in serum of control and
experimental rats
|
Groups |
Parameters Mean ± SEM |
||
|
Cholesterol |
Triglyceride |
Phospholipids |
|
|
Control |
62.57 ± 5.52 |
73.30 ± 5.57 |
156.25 ± 9.32 |
|
Triton treated |
195.22 ± 10.58a |
115.1 ± 5.57 a |
208.27 ± 10.81 a |
|
Triton + Amaranthus tristis(200 mg kg-1) |
68.70 ± 5.53b |
75.53 ± 5.96 b |
176.70 ± 6.23 b |
|
Triton + Fenofibrate (65mg/kg) |
65.43 ± 2.51b |
72.0 ± 11.01 b |
159.54 ± 7.54 b |
Values are in mean ± SD; Number of animals in each group = 5; a p <
0.001 Vs Group I; b p < 0.001 Vs Group II
Table 3. Effect of Ethanoic Extract of Amaranthus tristis Linn
on Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Phospholipids in Liver of Control and
Experimental Rats
|
GROUPS |
Parameters Mean ± SEM |
||
|
Cholesterol |
Triglyceride |
Phospholipids |
|
|
control |
63.81 ± 1.73 |
61.23 ± 0.67 |
85.42 ± 0.51 |
|
Triton treated |
265.0 ± 3.55a |
113.5 ± 0.86 a |
144.2 ± 0.93 a |
|
Triton + Amaranthus tristis (200 mg kg-1) |
99 ± 1.31b |
91.3 ± 1.07 b |
90.5 ± 1.60 b |
|
Triton + Fenofibrate (65mg/kg) |
88.52 ± 2.33 b |
81.5 ± 1.89 b |
75.24 ± 2.55 b |
Values are in mean ± SD; Number of animals in each group = 5; a p <
0.001 Vs Group I; b p < 0.001 Vs Group II.
The results were
shown in Table 1, 2, 3 and 4. Amaranthus tristis Linn markedly lowers the
levels of serum cholesterol and VLDL. The decrease in cholesterol level may
indicate increased oxidation of mobilized fatty acids of lipolysis.
The present study shows that all triton induced rats displayed hyperlipidemia as shown by their elevated serum and liver cholesterol, triglyceride, Phospholipids, VLDL, LDL and also the
reduction in the HDL level. It can be concluded that Amaranthus
tristis200 mg/ kg treatment was effective
lowers in cholesterol, Phospholipids
TG, VLDL, LDL and increases the HDL
level.
This model is
widely used for a number of different aims particularly, in rats it has been
used for screening natural or chemical hypolipidemic
drugs Interestingly, the results of the present study show that extract of Amaranthus tristis Linn
produced a significant reduction in cholesterol level and also it reversed
Triton induced hypolipidemic in rats.
Table 4. Effect of Ethanoic extract of Amaranthus tristis Linn
on HDL, LDL and VLDL in Liver of Control and Experimental Rats.
|
GROUPS |
Parameters Mean ± SEM |
||
|
HDL |
LDL |
VLDL |
|
|
Group-I control |
24.99 ± 1.14 |
21.52 ± 0.38 |
12.21± 0.38 |
|
Group-II Triton
treated |
17.23 ± 0.67a |
176.20 ± 0.51 a |
21.51 ± 0.51 a |
|
Group-III Triton
+ Amaranthus tristis (200
mg kg-1) |
26.92 ± 2.01b |
19.90 ± 3.06 b |
18.09 ± 0.68 b |
|
Group-IV Triton
+ Fenofibrate |
36.46± 3. 9 b |
20.91 ± 2.1 b |
13.56 ± 1.5 b |
Values are in mean ± SD; Number of animals in each group = 5; a p < 0.001 Vs Group I; b p < 0.001 Vs
Group II.
4. CONCLUSION:
Amaranthus tristis Linn
administered a dose of 200μg/kg (p.o) to the
triton induced hyperlipidemic rats. Amaranthus tristis Linn shows a significant decrease in the levels
of serum cholesterol, phospholipids, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and significant
increase in the level of serum HDL level.
The antihyperlipidemic activity of Amaranthus tristis Linn (200 mg/ kg) against
Triton Wr-1339 showed significant hypolipidemic
activity when compared to hypolipidemic drug fenofibrate treated groups.
5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
The
authors are thankful to Vels University (VISTAS) and
its management for providing research facilities and encouragement.
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Received on 25.08.2016
Modified on 24.09.2016
Accepted on 26.10.2016 ©
RJPT All right reserved
Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2017; 10(1): 171-173.
DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00037.3