INTRODUCTION:

The Human Immune Deficiency Virus, well know as ‘HIV’ is a very fatal virus which destroys and damages the immune system of our body. The immune system of our body is the shield that keeps various diseases and infections at bay. Unattended HIV damages the CD4 cells-a type of immune cells called T cells¹.

Hence, with the passage of time, body gets prone to several infections and cancers due to a heavy destruction in the CD4 cells. The HIV doesn’t spread in air, water or casual contact. This virus can be spotted in all body tissues. It can only be transmitted through the body fluids of an infected person like blood, saliva and semen².

A perfect cure for the life long lasting HIV is still under research. Although a perfect cure to the virus has not been found, but the longevity of a patient’s life, affected by HIV can be increased with a therapy called as antiretroviral therapy, HIV can be managed with a lack of any treatment HIV can lead to an even fatal diseases called as AIDS. AIDS is a kind of diseases where in the body of the victim turns too weak to fight against other diseases and infections. AIDS is actually a syndrome called by the HIV virus. An HIV affected person may also develop AIDS develop AIDS if they have antiretroviral treatment resistant HIV³.

If AIDS once develops, it simply indicates the fact that the immune system of the patient’s body is severely compromised and weakened. It shows that the immune system has been weakened to the point where it can no more fight against the diseases and infections. This makes the patient prone to a several number of diseases and illness, AIDS shows way to a large number of illnesses, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, oral thrush, CMV cryptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis and even cancer^{4, 5}.

Over 25 antiretroviral therapy medications are approved to treat HIV they function to prevent HIV from destroying CD4 cells. They reduce the risk of developing complications as well as virus transmission to others. These antiretroviral medications are grouped into 6 groups⁶

· Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)

· Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)

· Protease inhibitors

· Fusion inhibitors

· CCR5 antagonists, also called entry inhibitions

· Integrase strand transfer inhibitor.

Figure 1: Frame work of the innovation

This invention of molecular crystal is also known as anti-AIDS device. This device contains a crystal of semiconductor tetra silver tetroxide (ag₄o₄) which carries 2 monovalent silver ions and 2 trivalent silver ions per molecule¹. It has definite structural configurations which helps to binds in killing the viruses by binding with them and thus form silver entity. So that’s why a single intravenous injection destroys the AIDS virus in human ^(2).It also said that this device is capable of killing pathogens and cleaning the blood stream of ISM and also said that it restores the immune system³.

The present piece of innovation is conceptualized based on the prior explanation in applicant U.S. patent No. 5336499.⁴It revealed that bacteria, algae and the AIDS virus can be destructed and inhibited in the nutrient life supporting system by using the silver oxide device.⁵It has been revealed that 18 ppm above stated crystal devices have a capability to terminate the AIDS virus completely successive to the filing of the foregoing patent, additional testing threw light on the fact that complete a 100% of the AIDS virus could be destructed in invitro at 20 ppm. Adding to the fact, the device has been found to be complete safe device. It was found out harmless when ingested and inhaled. It is non-poisonous in nature.⁶

It has been encouraged by the evolution and the success of the applicant which get permission to evaluate the crystal in invitro against the murine acquired immune deficiency syndrome (MAIDS). These evolutions are only got licensed by the state of Israel, which was a hospital namely as Kaplan hospital in Rehovot Israel. And it is co-linked by the Hebrew University medical school. Both of them jointly do the evolution work and modify the evolution and improve the (MAIDS).⁷

The commencing assessment demanded experimentation with several silver moieties specified in the above stated patent, concentration, non-reactive buffers and modes of administration. After a time, gap of approximately 18 month of prudent endeavour and preliminary let downs victory was eventually attained in demolishing the MAIDS virus in (C57BL) mice with a single intravenous injection ⁷. The consequence of this test program contained examples of U.S pat no. 5336499 after attaining success with mice the inventor experimented the efficiency of the mentioned device on two selected etiological groups of terminal AIDS patients in a clinic in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, Central America.⁸

The AIDS patents consist of subgroups knowns as etiological groups CANDIDIASIS and WASTING syndrome are the current indicator of the diseases which are the diagnosing for AIDS. Which have been expanded by CDC (Centre for Disease Control and Preventation) ¹⁰. It is a disease control agency which control and prevent the disease-causing pathogens the CDC giving a major five category of diagnosing agent with an approximate value and percentage for the distribution of the electron among the AIDS patients. The treatment of both the group of curing the candidates and the wasting syndrome AIDS patients was treated by the tetrasil and these two groups are approximately carrying one third of the AIDS causes in the inventio.In Stedman’s medical Dictionary the WASTING syndrome defines as a condition of losing about 10% of total body weight and it is cause by diarrhoea or fever which is associated with AIDS.¹¹

There are several objectives of this invention. But, the sole aim of this invention is to provide for a molecule scale device of a single tetra silver tetroxide crystalline molecule. This can be marked as a gigantic stride in the in the field of medication and biotechnology studies. It can be proved as life saver as it has a dynamic ability of rehabilitating the exemption of AIDS afflicted in human beings. Its capability can be imagined from the fact that it can cure the AIDS afflicted in human beings from the two AIDS etiological sub categories, the disease named CANDIDAISES and even the WASTING syndrome.¹²

The above-mentioned objective is the main objective. Not the only one the invention is so dynamic in its nature that it has a wide scope of objective. In the earlier arena several injection and treatment were being provided for AIDS affliction. But, now by the help of this invention immunity can be gained back in the above-mentioned AIDS afflicted human beings. In the case of AIDS treatment has been further simplified in this invention. Application of just a single injection is so powerful and efficient that it can single dosely help in restoring the immunity of person affected by AIDS.¹³

Adding to the above-mentioned objective, this novel invention is sufficiently efficient to the end of the existence of immune suppressing moieties (ISM) in human. It is to be noted that ISM in human demonstrates AIDS disease of the above stated AIDS etiological subgroups. It does not regard to the fact whether the ISM was HIV induced or not it is previously known that even human can manifest AIDS and yet remain HIV negative. This invention can hence help in restoring immune system in the human which is mentioned above. This adds silver to the invention¹⁴. Adding a further star to the objective list of this invention, there is another important objective of this invention is AIDS afflicted humans have the AIDS virus in their system. This new invention is able to destroy even those AIDS virus in the system of the above- mentioned AIDS afflicted humans.

ENCAPSULATION:

Figure 2: Encapsulation

This invention shows correlation with a molecular scale device. It is efficient in destroying the AIDS virus. Additionally, it can also cleanse the bloodstream of human beings and make it free from pathogens. It can also help in returning back immunity to AIDS patient by curing diseases like candidiasis and wasting syndrome categories. The above-mentioned molecular device includes a single crystal of tetra silver tetroxide¹⁵. The crystal lattice of this molecule displays a unique structure. This uniqueness in the crystal lattice structure is because it is a diamagnetic semiconducting crystal consisting of two mono and two trivalent silver ions which in effect are capable of “firing” electron under certain conditions it will end the existence of AIDS virus and other pathogens and immune suppressing moieties (ISM).¹⁶ This occurs not merely thorough the electro cation mode, but also by a binding and chelation of divalent silver. The terminating outcome of the electron transfer redox that happens when the monovalent silver ions are oxidised and the trivalent ions are reduced in the crystal.¹⁷

The trivalent ions are reduced within the crystal. The active sites of the AIDS virus, pathogens and ISM act as the main point where the binding or the chelation effect occurs. Owing to the exceeding minuscule size of a single molecule of this crystal and many millions of this device may be used up in concert to destruct a virus colony to cleanse life support system. Hence an optimal of 40 ppm of the device by weight of human blood was found to be coefficient to completely exterminate AIDS. The optimal concentration mentioned or recommended in applicant. The AIDS virus in vitro is even less than half of the above -mentioned concentration.^18,19

The original destruction of pathogens, ISM and the AIDS virus is accomplished by injecting of the device. The injection is done with distilled water that is done with a non- reacting electrolyte directly. The human injected in the manner were inspected after three weeks or more. On being composed with similar human that had been given placebos. They were found to have been completed cured AIDS. Moreover 3 out of 4 WASTING syndrome terminal patients were yet alive after a year and a half had clasped from their initial time.¹⁸

The present invention can view in the light of the accompanying example. It would help in making other object and feature of the present invention become more vivid and transparent. It should acknowledge that the escorting example illustrate favoured manifestation of the present invention. They are not intended as a method or means of defining the limitation and scope of the present invention.¹⁷

ARGUMENTATION:

Figure 3: Argumentation

This invention shows relation with the improvisation in a treatment for AIDS including the use of electron, active molecular crystals of tetra silver tetroxide. The extemporization assimilates curing of non-terminal AIDS patients with 15ppm of tetroxide along with the regulation of slow injections to terminal patients at 40ppm. It is to be done so that the side effects can be reduced like benign hepatomega^.22.

It was believed that 40 ppm concentration might be too high for non-terminal and the new AIDS cases as a result arranged for clinical studies by a contract research organisation named EXETEC LAB in HONDURAS on terminal AIDS patient was made slow infusion 4 at 15 ppm of tetroxide was used. All AIDS patients were cured and none showed hepatomegaly. Then arrangement for toxicity test in rats were made to study the parameter of intravenous injection. The test was carried out by HARLON BIOTECH ISRAEL on Sprague -dawley rats. The conclusion was reported on 10^th may, 2001 which showed that with respect tetrasil concentration of 48mg/kg in correspondence to 800 ppm in blood administered by slow 4 infusion and corresponding to about 20x the expected applied curative extent 40ppm in blood may be regarded as at least artic dose level not showing an acute toxic rise^.23,13. With this particular further action were taken for slow infusion clinical studies with patients in advance or terminal stages of AIDS in the republic of SA. The test was done of 8 elephants showing WASTING syndrome or carinii pneumonia aetiologies of AIDS. They were tested with tetrasil at 40 ppm, in slow 4 injections. Except for 3 hepatomegaly affected patients, all were cured of AIDS. The sole motive of this invention is to decrease the collateral side effects to patients afflicted with AIDS.^25,26 AIDS undergoing tetrasil therapy it especially decreases the side effect of hepatomegaly. Another objective of this invention is to quantify the tetrasil 4 treatment of non- terminal AIDS patients.it will noted that 8 out of 10 patients treated suffered from hepatomegaly 4 patients accomplished fatigue and 1 suffered from pain (headache)²⁷. This invention is solely concerned with extend of a minimum side effect therapeutic doses of tetrasil for non-terminal patients. In essence, this invention scrutinizes itself with improvisations in tetrasil therapy of AIDS patients.²⁸

Without any comprise in efficacy detailed description of specific examples improvements in tetrasil AIDS therapy were experimented clinically with variable of tetrasil dosage concentration type of patient and length of time administration of tetrasil to meliorate side effects with other object and features of the present invention shall become more transparent to those skilled in the art when considered in view of the accompany examples the assisting examples illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be admitted that those experienced in the skill frame an oral administered tablet of tetra oxide amended in a managed release vehicle such as entering coating for delivery to the blood stream establishment on the favoured embodiments of the present invention.²⁹

SKIN CANDIDAISISHEALED BY THE CRYSTAL DEVICE:

Figure 4: Skin candidaisishealed by the crystal device

The invention establishes relation with the use of electron active molecules crystal of tetra silver tetroxide (Ag₄O₄) for the treatment and cured of dermatological skin diseases like ranging from dermatitis, acne and psoriasis to herpes and skin ulcers. The reference which mentioned before reveals that tetra silver tetroxide devices kills or hinder a wide variety of pathogens ranging from gram positive and negative bacteria (e.g. E. coli and staphylococcus aureus) algae and mold (e.g. chlorella and candida albicans) and the AIDS virus said reference include the explanation of mechanism through which said molecular crystal device work. The succeeding result and concept of the instant inventor were presented at a seminar called “Incurable Diseases Update” (Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Feb 11, 1998). The presentation was titled as beyond antibiotics non- toxic disinfectants and tetrasil made mark of applicant for the tetroxide. ³⁰

In the article mentioned before, it was shown that the impact of the electron transfer involved in concern with the tetroxide, remarkable gave it even more powerful germicide that other silver entities. The instant inventor holds patent for multivalent silver antimicrobial for AG 2 and for AG 3and while these entities are stronger antimicrobial than AG 1 compound they pale by comparison to the tetroxide and so does colloidal silver which get its germicidal properties from trace silver ions that it generates in various environment. Accordingly, the oligodynamic properties of these entities may be summarized as such which is referred to as the Horsfall series.

Ag₄O₄>Ag (3)>Ag (1)>>>>Ag (1)(33):

There was another distinctive property of the tetroxide. It did not stain organic matter like skin unlike Ag (1) compound additionally it was stable.The main objective of this invention is to use tetra silver tetroxide molecules devices to cure dermatological disorders.³¹

Another objective of this invention is to control incurable dermatological diseases by the use of tetra silver tetroxide molecule devices. Still another objective of this invention is to reduce the time of affliction of dermatological condition of diseases by usage of tetra silver tetroxide molecule. One more objective of this invention is utilization of said device in the above-mentioned dermatological application without skin staining.³²

SYNOPSIS:

Figure 5: Synopsis [ Terrsail-therapeutic skincare ointment]

This invention can be related to a molecular scale device, which consisting a single crystal of tetra silver tetroxide. Several trillion of these molecules can be used in many pharmaceutical formulations and therapies to induce the treatment and cure of several dermatological diseases. These dermatological disorders may vary and include ECZEMA, PSORIASIS, DERMATITS diseases including SKIN ULCER, undefined tropical diseases, shingles, rashes, bedsores, cold sores, blisters, boils, herps simplex, acne, pimple, skin chafing, cracking, itching, skin peeling, and warts.³³

In particular the invention shows relation to method for treating dermatological skin disease which comprises of applying a composition of tetra silver tetroxide directly to affected skin areas, said composition has to be free of added oxidising agent. The crystal lattice of the (Ag₄O₄) molecular device works against pathogens. It operates by transferring electrons from its two monovalent silver ions to the two trivalent silver ions in the crystal contributing to the death of pathogen traversing their cells membrane surface. This electrocutes the pathogens the electrons are driven out of their balanced crystals by labile groups like NH, NH₂, s-s and SH comprising pathogens cell membrane surface. Normal cells would remain unaffected as they do not proliferate fast enough to expose these labile bonds.³⁴

The k_A of AgO₄ is 7.9*10^-13, So, the molecule will remain undisturbed unless more stable complexes are formed with ligands as those compressing the pathogens cells membrane surface in a dynamic state. The electron transfer, which is a redox reacting result in a monovalent Ag ion getting oxidised to Ag 2 and trivalent Ag ions getting reduced to the same end product. the affinity of monovalent silver for certain elements like sulphur and nitrogen is quite exceeded here because divalent silver will not only bind to those elements like silver but will also form chelate compound with their ligands. The powerful covalent bonding forces drives the molecular crystal attraction for cell. Rigorous experimentation shows that silver tetroxide was comparatively non-toxic. Commercial concentrate was formulated with 2% of the tetroxide as said oxide was effective at ppm concentration to kill pathogens. an EPA registration number was obtained for accepted of said oxide in commerce. 3% concentrate of the oxide was used for a necessary series of toxicity test. It was evaluated by a certified laboratory employing good laboratory practice according to the code of federal regulation.³⁵

Ensuring evaluation showed that until the person was more to silver allergies, the pure tetroxide could be applied to the skin without any ill effect or evidence of irritation inspect of the fact that said oxides a powerful oxidising agent. In earlier patents related to various uses of oxides it was postulated that oxide needed to be cured in combination with an excess of strong oxidising agent like persulfate so to kill pathogens. But the presence of additional oxide is unnecessary and undesirable for treatment of skin disease mentioned herein. The mode of application of the oxide of the invention as a topical agent is preferable. It can be used either as a powder or in non-sprayable or sprayable form. Non -sprayable forms can be semi solid forms consisting a carrier indigenous to tropical application and having a dynamic viscosity preferably greater than the water. But they are not restricted to suspension, emulsion, cream ointments, powder liniments salves and other such items. They may be mixed or sterilized agents such as thixotropies, stabilizer, wetting agent etc. the advantageous vehicle for non-spray able topical preparation incorporates ointment bases, e.g., polyethylene glycol-1000, preferable ophthalmic vehicle, cream and gets as well as petroleum jelly. when the oxide is applied to the skin in combination with a carrier like one or more of the carrier at a level of from about 28 to 250, 000ppm or more than 400 to 50, 000ppm based on the weight of the carrier and applied to the skin 1 to 3 times per day until the condition is cured or satisfactory controlled mostly the composition dosage level from about 10 to 500 mg per cm of the skin surface. It can be used in many skin dieses and condition expects nail fungi. After a lot of experiment, it was found that petroleum jelly is best for commercial product.^{36, 37}

Animal and mammalian skin, especially human skin is multifunctional functional organ. The skin provision external covering to protect the body performs many specialised functions like breathing, perspiring and oil production. Oil production is necessary for skin as a protection. It works when sebum, an oily substance is release from the sebaceous glans. This allows the skin to protect itself from the environment by moisturizing and making itself waterproof. The skin is the most environmentally stressed organ in mammals specially humans. The skin gets exposed to toxic chemicals and hostile environment. It is the only organ which is directly exposed to UV light in the presence of the oxygen. High exposure to the skin to UV light damages skin resulting in sunburn, photoaging, carcinogenesis and other related skin disorders.³⁸

Particularly, human skin is a composite material of the dermis stratum coecum is the top most layer of epidermis. It’s the skin stiffest layer and the most affected by surrounding environment. Below epidermis, papillary dermis is the topmost layer of the dermis. It is made up of relatively loose connective tissue that defines the microrelief of the skin below papillary dermis there is reticular dermis which is tight connective tissue which is partially organised. Reticular dermis is also related with coarse wrinkles subcutaneous layer at the bottom of the dermis layer. Protection, excretion, secretion, absorption thermoregulation, pigment agenesis, accumulation sensory perception and regulation of immunological process are the main function of skin which are harmfully affected by structural changes in skin due to the aging and high sun exposure skin aging damages barrier function and decreased turnover of the epidermal cells. ³⁹

Figure 6: Diagrammatic representation of AIDS Virus (HIV)

Density and geometry of the network of collagen and elastic fibre tissue control the mechanical property of the skin skins wrinkling and skin surface roughness are due to damaged collagen. Vitamin D reduces due to the skin aging. Exposure to UV light in presence of oxygen creates free radicals which lead to many skin disorders diseases or condition. These free radicals frequently activate release of inflammatory mediator visible as sun burn cytoskeletal alterations breaking down collagen in skin and may lead structural change in DNA. Tropical pharmaceutical application shield skin from sun harmful effect sunscreen which protects the skin which include photo-protectant material like titanium and zinc oxide. Many vitamins and minerals have been individually administered to treat certain skin and other problems due to the deficiency of the vitamins and minerals. Vitamin A helps acne treatment and wound healing. Vitamin C prevents skin bruises and helps wound healing. Vitamin E is an antioxidant and copper help in treatment of elastic tissue defect. Topical use of vitamin C wards off sun damage reduces breakdown of connective tissue and improves collagen synthesis. Topical use of vitamin E acts as anti-inflammatory agent for skin moist ration for UV protection of cells. Tetroxide did not stain organic matter unlike Ag (1) compound. It is additionally light stable.^{40, 41, 42}

The skin disease is caused by one or more autoimmune disorder rather than by pathogens. a circulatory condition or a neurological condition or else it includes at least one of the eczemas, psoriasis, dermatitis, ulcers, shingles, rashes, bed shores, cold sores, blisters, boils, herps, acne, pimple, skin chafing, skin cracking, skin itch, skin peeling, heat rashes, leprosy, dermal tuberculosis, and warts. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts preferable do not include contain salts. They help in breaking down of the oxide lattice present in the metal oxide composition of the invention^{.42, 43, 44}

CONCLUSION:

Grounded on all the text data described above, the curing technique analogous with the use of tetra silver tetroxide to manage and cure at least some skin diseases seem to be more than just mere destruction of pathogens and ameliorating infections which tend to aggravate disease and decelerate the natural healing process. This invention can be manifested in many forms without removing the spirit or necessary characteristics the present manifestations are therefore illustrative and not restrictive.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT:

The authors thank Vels Institute of Science, Technology, and Advanced Studies management for rendering constant support in writing the review article successfully.

The authors do not have any conflict of interests and both the authors have contributed equally for bringing this review article effectively.

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Received on 25.10.2018 Modified on 20.12.2018

Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2019; 12(3): 1418-1424.

DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00236.1