A Study on Evaluation of the Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant property in various extract preparations of Dicliptera cuneata Nees

Parepalli Suresh¹, VP Karthik¹*, Durai Pandian Chamundeeswari², S.Viswanathan³

¹Department of Pharmacology, SRMC and RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research-DU, Porur, Chennai - 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.

²Department of Pharmacognosy, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research - DU, Porur, Chennai - 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.

³Principal, Meenakshi Faculty of Pharmacy, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: karthik.vp@sriramachandra.edu.in

ABSTRACT:

Background: Dicliptera cuneata Nees plant belongs to family Acanthaceae. This plant is commonly called as karunkuruntu (tamil) and pinchakusuma (telugu). This is inhabited in deciduous to moist deciduous forests. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant property in various extract preparations of this plant through standard procedures. Method: Chemical test for identification of various phytochemicals (flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, glycosides, steroids) in chloroform, ethanolic, alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Dicliptera cuneata Nees was evaluated using standard methods as described in previous literature. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was performed using DPPH method. Results: Saponins, tannins and flavonoids were detected in chloroform and ethanolic extract. Hydroalcoholic extract contained alkaloids along with flavonoids and saponins. Terpinoids were detected in ethanolic and hexane extracts. Hexane and chloroform extracts of this plant showed very less antioxidant properties in comparison to ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts. And in comparison, to ethanolic extract, hydroalcoholic extract showed good antioxidant property in a dose dependent manner. Ethanolic extract showed %inhibition of 26.60, 30.09, 32.93, 34.40, 36.70 at 10µg, 100µg, 300µg, 500µg, 1000µg/ml of concentration respectively. Hydroalcoholic extract showed % inhibition of 24.95, 35.32, 58.07, 59.44, 74.58 at 10µg, 100µg, 300µg, 500µg, 1000µg/ml concentrations respectively. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of Dicliptera cuneata Nees may be considered as potent antioxidant and may be tested for its efficacy in other in-vitro and in-vivo models.

KEYWORDS: Diclipteracuneata Nees, Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, DPPH assay.

Preparation of Extracts:

The aerial parts of the plant were obtained fromSirumalai, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India. The collected plant material will be authenticated by the Botanist Professor V. Chelladurai, Former Research officer, Central council for research in Ayurveda and Siddha, Central government of India. They were dried under shade and powdered. This was used for preparing chloroform, ethanol, hydro alcohol, and hexane extracts as per previously described methods^14-17. Identification of flavonoids¹⁸, alkaloids¹⁹, saponins²⁰, tannins¹⁸, phenolic compounds, terpenoids²¹, glycosides¹⁹, steroids²¹was done using chemical methods.

DPPH Assay:

One mg of each extract was weighed (chloroform, ethanol, hydro alcohol, hexane) and it was dissolved in 1ml of DMSO.Tris HCL (0.1M) was prepared using 1.57gof Tris HCL and dissolved in 100ml of water. The pH was adjusted to 7.4. The assay procedure was done as described in previous studies^21-25. The % inhibition was calculated as per the formula below.

% Inhibition = (OD value of control - OD value of sample / OD value of control)*100.

RESULTS:

The qualitative analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids and saponins in chloroform, ethanol and hydro alcohol extracts. Tannins were identified in chloroform and ethanol extracts. Ethanol extract and hexane extracts showed presence of terpenoids. Alkaloids and steroids were identified in hydro alcohol extract. The details were illustrated in Table 1.

Antioxidant activity of Dicliptera cuneata:

The antioxidant activity of various Dicliptera cuneata extracts were compared by DPPH assay. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Dicliptera cuneata hydro alcohol extract was 74.9%, ethanol extract was 41.3% and chloroform extract was 4.74% [Figure 1]. Hexane extract couldn’t show any scavenging activity. The percentage inhibition values of hydro alcohol and ethanol extracts were compared at different concentrations. The percentage inhibition of hydro alcohol extract at 10, 100, 300, 500 and 1000 µg/ml was 24.9%, 35.3%, 58%, 59.4% and 74.5% respectively. The percentage inhibition values of ethanol extract at 10, 100, 300, 500, 1000 µg/ml was 26.6%, 30%, 32.9%, 34.4% and 36.7% respectively [Figure 2].

Figure 1: DPPH Assay: Antioxidant potential of chloroform, ethanol, hydroalcohol and hexane extracts of Dicliptera cuneata Nees plant.

Figure 2: DPPH Assay: Percentage inhibition of Hydro alcohol and Ethanol extracts of Dicliptera cuneata Nees plant at various concentrations.

DISCUSSION:

The phytoconstituents in aerial parts of Dicliptera cuneata in various extracts were evaluated in this study. The DPPH assay method was used for analysing the antioxidant properties of different extracts obtained from Dicliptera cuneata plant aerial parts. The hydro alcohol (74.9) and ethanol (41.3) extracts showed higher proportions of flavonoids in comparison to other extracts of the plant. The DPPH assay method revealed higher antioxidant activity with ethanol and hydro alcohol extracts in comparison to other extracts. The percentage inhibition of DPPH activity revealed that hydro alcohol extract was superior antioxidant than ethanolic extract between 100 to 1000µg/ml concentrations.

S A Adesegun et al., 2007 evaluated antioxidant property of acanthaceae plant, Phaulopsis fascisepala leaf extract using DPPH assay method. This study revealed the DPPH scavenging activity of the methanolic extract to be 53.4% at a concentration of 0.3mg and concluded that it may have moderate antioxidant agent²². W R Sawadogo et al., evaluated antioxidant activity in leaves of acanthaceae plants including Blepharis lineariifolia, Dicliptera verticillata, Dyschoriste perrottetii, Hygrophila auriculata, Lepidagathis anobrya, Nelsonia canescensaqueous acetone extract (80%) using DPPH assay method. Their results revealed that Lepidagathis anobrya (IC₅₀: 16.33±1.04), Hygrophila auriculata (IC₅₀: 20.33±1.04) and Nelsonia canescens (IC₅₀: 24.33±2.52) possessed more antioxidant activity and could show therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular protection¹³.

Hydro-alcoholic extract of Dicliptera cuneata Nees aerial parts have shown better antioxidant property (74.5% at 1000µg/ml) in comparison to other extract preparations. In view of previous literature and the inhibition of DPPH radical activity by Dicliptera cuneata Nees, hydro-alcoholic extract may be considered as therapeutic antioxidant agent.

CONCLUSION:

This study revealed the phytochemical composition qualitatively and antioxidant activity of various extracts obtained from aerial parts of Dicliptera cuneata Nees plant. This antioxidant study using DPPH method showed better scavenging effects of hydro alcoholic extract which may be further used for evaluating its antioxidant activity and therapeutic effects in other in-vitro and in-vivo models.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:

Nil.

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Received on 17.06.2023 Modified on 23.10.2023

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2024; 17(2):875-878.

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00135

Extract / Phyto Constituents	Flavonoids	Alkaloids	Saponins	Tannins	Phenols	Terpenoids	Glycosides	Steriods
Chloroform Extract	+	---	+	+	---	---	---	---
Ethanol Extract	++	---	+++	+++	---	+	---	---
Hydro Alcohol Extract	++	+	+++	---	---	---	---	++
Hexane Extract	---	---	---	---	---	++	---	---