INTRODUCTION:

Almost every cosmetic productisgenerally applied over skin for different purposes like protection and beautification of skin of an individual. Cosmetic preparations for skin care are not so novel; it is considered among the basic necessity of the mankind^1,2. Therefore, the study about the general structure and functioning of the skin is very important consideration for the preparation of the novel cosmetics³. Skin is widely known as the mirror of our body. It replicates the mental, physical and psychological condition of an individual. Skin is functioned as the barrier among the body's internal and external environment. It protects the body from physical trauma such as light (UV rays), heat and cold, and microbial injuries. Skin also performed the function of immunological mechanism^8-10.

Skin is normally very smooth in texture. However, because of the process of ageing and skin exposure to the heat and cold, pressure, sunrays and abrasion, any kind of dust and microbial infection, etc. the smoothness of the skin might be lost and the skin started becoming rougher and thicker in texture and appearance¹¹. Ageing process also induces the production of wrinkles on the surface of skin^8-10. Skin is made up of the mixture of constituentslike amino acids, lipids and carbohydrates. Therefore, balanced nutrition is the primary requirement for the skin to keep that clear, glossy and healthy for longer duration^11-13.

Prevention is the best and most effective way to work against skin aging effects^14,15.

Cosmetics are the products used for cleansing, beautifying, or promoting attractiveness^16,17. From ancient times many herbs are used in Ayurveda to make cosmetics termed as “Herbal Cosmetics”¹⁸. The ingredients of herbal cosmetics formulations directly deliver the nutrients to the applicated areas of the skin. Additionally, these ingredients are considered safer as they also followed the traditional systems of medicine including the modern scientific approaches¹⁹. Flavonoids are the antioxidants that are capable of promoting and enhancing skin appearance and health²⁰. Flavonoid provides both medicinal and cosmetic benefits to the skin²¹.

Generally, herbs, vitamins, volatile oils andherbal extracts might be utilized in the preparation of herbal cosmetics. The photochemicalutilization from a variety of herbalsshowsmultiple functions like;

i. Photochemical might be served as the cosmetics for the care of body and its parts and;

ii. The herbal ingredients present inside the photochemical influencesthe biological functioning of the skin and also delivers nutrients required for the healthy build-up of skin as well as hair.

In general, it is not mandatory for a manufacturer to claim that how bioactive ingredients penetrate the skin layers or that these ingredients cause drug-like or therapeutic effect²².

In Ayurveda herbal paste is called as “mukhalepa” used as a facial therapy²³. It is applied on the face and allowed to dry. This gives skin the tightening, cleansing and strengthening effect. It is applied for 15-20 minutes and after the removal of face pack from skin debris, the Natural Facial Packs are less complicated and pretty simple to use. They help in increasing the circulation of the blood within the veins of the face²⁴. They are non-toxic, non-allergic and non-habit forming²⁵.

Effects of the facial packs are generally temporary and for the regular glow it should be used 2-3 times a week²⁶.

For different types of skin different types of face packs can be prepared and used¹¹.

Benefits of Applying Face Pack^27,28

1. They help to remove dirt and dead cells of skin.

2. They help to enhance skin texture and provide glow.

3. They help to reduce wrinkles, acne, pimple, dark circles, blackheads and scars.

4. They help to reduce pigmentation and prevent premature aging of skin.

5. They improve complexion and smoothens the skin.

The current research article deals with the formulation and evaluation of polyherbal cosmetic face pack. The main objective of this study was to formulate face pack with different natural ingredients like multanimitti for soothing effect and glow, green tea forcleansing and astringent effect; the formulation was evaluated for parameters like colour, odour, Ph, viscosity, consistency, irritancy, stability studies for 56 days.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

All the natural materials used in the study were purchased from the local market (Paonta Sahib), in a dried powder form. The details of the plant material used in the formulation are mentioned in table 1.^25,29-37.

Table 1: Materials used in Formulation of Herbal Face Pack

Common name	Synonyms	Botanical name	Chemical constituents	Therapeutic uses	Cosmetic uses
Fuller’s Earth	Multani Mitti	Bentonite Clay	Hydrous aluminium silicates, Calcite	Decontamination of clothing and equipment, treat poisoning by herbicides	Oil and impurities absorber, provide fairness and glow, fights acne and pimples, improves skin elasticity
Turmeric	Haldi	Curcuma longa	Curcuminoids	Wound healing, used in rheumatoid arthritis, cancer , small pox etc.	Reduce acne and any resulting scars, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, provides glow and lusture
Aloe Vera	Indian Aloe	Aloe berbadensis	Betacarotene, Aloe emodin, Aloin	Wound and burn healing, immunomodulator	Soothes sunburn, moisturize the skin, fights skin aging, reduces acne, lightens blemishes
Green Tea	Chai	Camellia sinesis	Catechin, Theanine, β- carotene	Improve brain functioning, increases fat burning	Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial, treats acne and oily skin, reduces sebum secretion
Amla	Indian Gooseberry	Phyllanthusemblica	Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Chebulagic acid	Strengthens digestion, helps in liver detoxification, rich in vitamin C	Anti-aging, treats acne, evens skin tone, treats skin pigmentation, removes dead skin, natural hair straightner
Neem	Nim	Azardicachtaindica	Azadirachtin, Nimbin, Gedunin	Used for leprosy, eye disorders, bloody nose, intestinal worms, skin ulcers	Treats dry skin, stimulate collagen production, reduces scars, heal wounds, treats acne, minimize warts and moles
Liquorice	Mulethi	Glycyrrhiza glabra	Glycyrrhizin, Liquirtin, Anethole	Ease upper respiratory infections, treat ulcers, and aids digestion	Brightens skin, hide sun damage, fade dark scars, treat skin condition, ease inflammation, firm and tightens skin, treat acne
Sandal Wood	Chandan	Santalum album	α-santalol, β-santalol	Astringent and antiseptic, treat headache, stomachache, and genital disorders	Anti-aging, natural skin whitener, cure acne and pimples, sun tan remover, even tone skin and provide glow
Honey	Madhu		Gluconic acid	Heal burns, cough and colds, used as an antiseptic, parasite cleanse	Moisturises skin, pore cleanser, gentle exfoliator, lightens scars, useful in sun burn, fights skin infection, removes blackheads

Formulation of herbal face pack:

Procedure of Preparation:

· Accurately weighed quantities of all the herbal powders likeamla powder, green tea powder, neem powder and sandalwood powder was taken and subjected for the process of siftingvia sieve no. 60.

· Further, all the powders were subjected for the process of mixing to form a uniform mixture with the utilization of mortar and pestle.

· Weighed accurately fuller’s earth, turmeric and liquorice powder and triturate them together to form a uniform mixture.

· In that mixture added previously prepared herbal drug and triturated to obtain a uniform drug powder of face pack.

· In mortar and pestle added aloe vera gel (as base) and all the herbal powder were triturated to obtain a paste like consistency.

· Rose water was added.

Quantity wise ingredients list is mentioned in table II. The powered form and paste form of face pack are displayed in figure I and figure II respectively.

Figure 1: Prepared face pack powder

Table 2: Formulation of Herbal Face Pack

Sr. No.	Ingredients	Quantity Of Sample For 100g
1.	Multanimitti	25%
2.	Turmeric	15%
3.	Green tea	15%
4.	Amla	10%
5.	Neem	10%
6.	Liquorice	10%
7.	Sandal wood	5%
8.	Honey	10%
9.	Aloe vera	q.s.

How to apply?

Take prepared face pack paste in a bowl as per the requirement and add honey. Mix it well and apply over the facial skin. Let it dry for 15-20 minutes and then wash it with cold water.

Figure 2: Prepared face pack paste

Methods of Evaluation:

Following evaluation parameters were performed to ensure superiority of prepared face pack³⁸.

Organoleptic Evaluation:

The organoleptic parameters include its nature, colour, odour, feel and consistency which were evaluated manually for its physical properties.

Physicochemical Evaluation:

pH of 1% solution of the formulation was measured by using a calibrated digital pH meterand viscosity was measured using Brookfield viscometer.

Irritancy Test:

The face pack was applied on right hand dorsal surface of 1 sq. cm and observed in time interval of 1 to 2 hour for irritant reactions if any.

Stability Studies:

The formulation was stored at different temperature conditions for a period of 56 days. Formulation was packed in plastic container and stored at different temperature conditions viz., room temperature, 35⁰C, 40⁰C and evaluated for parameters like colour, odour, pH, consistency and feel³⁹.

Spreadability:

Two slides are taken and herbal sample was placed on one slide. Another slide was placed on the first slide. 100g of weight was kept on the slides so that it spreads as a thin layer. Weight was been eliminated much high than the prisons. Next weight of 20g was kept on the upper slide. It was performed for 3 times and average was calculated. Spreadability was calculated by using the following formula, S=M×L/T; where, S- Spreadability; M- Weight tied to the upper slide (20g); Length of the glass (6.5cm); Time in sec.

Washability:

Formulation was applied on the skin and then washed with water and visually checked for its washability nature⁴⁰. 1 litre of water was used to remove all content of the formulation from the surface.

Grittiness:

The product was checked for the presence of any gritty particles by applying it on the skin.

All the evaluation parameters along with their observations are mentioned in table 3.

Table 3: Evaluation of Herbal Face Pack.

Sr. No.	Evaluation Parameters	Observations
1.	Appearance	Paste
2.	Colour	Buff green
3.	Odour	Aromatic and pleasant
4.	Texture	Fine
5.	Smoothness	Smooth
6.	pH	6.22±0.1
7.	Consistency	Good
8.	Spreadability	5.2±0.5cm
9.	Viscosity	850±0.2 centipoise
10.	Grittiness	Absent
11.	Irritability	Non-irritant
12.	Washability	Easily washable

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

The polyherbal face pack was formulated and evaluated. The results of evaluation are displayed in table III. For preformulation studies, characterization of formulation was done for its organoleptic and physico-chemical evaluation. The study of nature, colour, odour, texture, pH, spreadability, washability, irritability, smoothness was done.

The stability studies show slight change in pH of formulation which was stored at 40^⸰C and no changes were observed at room temperature (Table IV). The formulation was slight acidic, easily spreadable, non-irritant and compatible with skin.

All the ingredients used in formulation are herbs and therefore possess minimal or no side effects. One can use this face pack by adding honey and storing the formulation in refrigerator.

Table 4: Result of Stability Studies

Parameters	Colour	Odour	pH
Days	Colour	Odour	pH
Day 1	Buff green	Aromatic & pleasant	6.22±0.1
Day 7	Buff green	Aromatic & pleasant	6.1±0.2
Day 14	Buff green	Aromatic & pleasant	5.98±0.1
Day 28	Buff green	Aromatic & pleasant	5.98±0.1
Day 56	Buff green	Aromatic & pleasant	5.97±0.2

CONCLUSION:

In the present scenario, people need cure for various skin problems without side effects. Natural remedies are more acceptable in the belief that they are safer with fewer side effects than the synthetic ones.

In the current study polyherbal face pack was formulated, evaluated for various parameters. The results indicated that the formulation passed the tests. The prepared polyherbal formulation nourish, moisturize, cleanses, protect the skin against premature aging, acne, and pimples. The prepared formulation may be further studied; its performance, quality control tests, etc.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The authors are thankful to Himachal Institute of Pharmacy, Paonta Sahib (H.P.) for providing infrastructural facilities, encouragement and support.

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Received on 29.07.2022 Modified on 19.09.2023

Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2024; 17(6):2481-2485.

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00388