Author(s): Manisha Devram Gangurde, Dattatraya Manohar Shinkar, Sahebrao Sampat Boraste, Prashant Lakshaman Pingale, Sunil Vishvnath Amrutkar

Email(s): dattashinkar@gmail.com

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00812   

Address: Manisha Devram Gangurde1, Dattatraya Manohar Shinkar1*, Sahebrao Sampat Boraste1, Prashant Lakshaman Pingale1, Sunil Vishvnath Amrutkar2
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Gokhale Education Society’s Sir Dr. M. S. Gosavi College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Prin. T. A. Kulkarni Vidyanagar, College Road, Nashik - 422005, MS, India.
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gokhale Education Society’s Sir Dr. M.S. Gosavi College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Prin. T. A. Kulkarni Vidyanagar, College Road, Nashik - 422005, MS, India.
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 18,      Issue - 12,     Year - 2025


ABSTRACT:
Transdermal medication delivery (TDDS) is a viable alternative to oral drug administration, offering benefits such as longer therapeutic efficacy, decreased side effects, enhanced bioavailability, improved patient compliance, and ease of drug therapy termination. A study using solvent casting method prepared nine formulations of transdermal patches using Eudragit L-100 and HPMC K4M as film forming polymers. The patches' weight, thickness, folding endurance, homogeneity of drug content, and moisture content were assessed, along with their organoleptic qualities.in-vitro release, and steady state flux. The optimized transdermal patch (F5) showed the highest drug content of 98.78%, with the highest drug release of 75.91%. The F5 batch showed the highest steady state flux of 2.922 ??g/cm² 12hr for clopidogrel bisulfate. The F5 batch completed three months of stability testing, showing no significant alterations to drug content, in vitro drug release, or steady state flux. The findings suggest that patches provide adequate outcomes for longer periods of time, and more clinical research is needed to establish an appropriate transdermal system for hypertension treatment.


Cite this article:
Manisha Devram Gangurde, Dattatraya Manohar Shinkar, Sahebrao Sampat Boraste, Prashant Lakshaman Pingale, Sunil Vishvnath Amrutkar. Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches of Clopidogrel Bisulfate. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(12):5626-2. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00812

Cite(Electronic):
Manisha Devram Gangurde, Dattatraya Manohar Shinkar, Sahebrao Sampat Boraste, Prashant Lakshaman Pingale, Sunil Vishvnath Amrutkar. Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches of Clopidogrel Bisulfate. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(12):5626-2. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00812   Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-18-12-2


REFERENCES:
1.    Ashfaq A, Riaz T, Waqar MA, Zaman M, Majeed I. A comprehensive review on transdermal patches as an efficient approach for the delivery of drug. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 8: 1045-69. doi.org/10.1080/25740881.2024.2317408
2.    Sanjay A. Nagdev, Omprakash Agrawal, Md. Rageeb Md. Usman. Transdermal Drug Delivery System: An Overview. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(3): 1371-7. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00229.
3.    Bharadwaj S, Garg VK, Sharma PK, Bansa M, Kumar N. Recent advancement in transdermal drug delivery system. International Journal of Pharma Professional’s Research (IJPPR). 2011; 2(1): 212-9. https://doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2011.652635
4.    Takmaz E.A, Inal O, and Baykara T. Studies on transdermal delivery enhancement of Zidovudine. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech. 2009; 10(1): 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12249-008-9179-9
5.    Singh A, Bali A. Formulation and characterization of transdermal patches for controlled delivery of duloxetine hydrochloride. Journal of Analytical Science and Technology. 2016; 7(1): 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-016-0105-6 
6.    Kulkarni RV, Mutalik S, Hiremath D. Effect of plasticizers on the permeability and mechanical properties of Eudragit films fortransdermal application. Ind J Pharm Sci. 2002; 64(1): 28-31. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00349
7.    Darwhekar G, Jain DK, Patidar VK. Formulation and evaluation of transdermal drug delivery system of clopidogrel bisulfate. Asian J Pharm Life Sci. 2011; 2231: 4423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v10i1.527
8.    Mukherjee B, Kanupriya MS, Das S, Patra B. Sorbitan monolaurate 20 as a potential skin permeation enhancer in transdermal patches. J Appl Res. 2005; 1: 96-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/17425247.2020.1713087
9.    Boddeda B, Suhasini MS, Niranja P, Ramadevi M, Anusha N. Design, evaluation and optimization of clopidogrel bisulfate transdermal patch by 22 factorial method. Der Pharmacia Lettre 2016; 8(5): 280-7. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00349
10.    Monika M, K. Krishna Prema. Phytochemical analysis of commercially available Spirulina, their activities and Biosynthesis of transdermal patch. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(12): 6189-3. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.01071 
11.    Keerthi Priya J, Prem Kumar P and Shameera Begum SK: Formulation and evaluation of clopidogrel bisulphate transdermal patches using polymers as permeation enhancer. Int. J Pharm Sci. Res. 2014; 5(2): 473-482. DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.9(1).250-55
12.    Chauhan SB. Comparative Analysis of Penetration Enhancer on Transdermal Drug Delivery of Antifertility Drugs. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2020; 3: 1457-62. DOI: 10.52711/2321-5844.2023.00015
13.    Bhattacharyya S, Nanjareddy L. Assessment of Nano Lipid Carrier Loaded Transdermal Patch of Rizatriptan Benzoate. Drug Metabolism and Bioanalysis Letters Formerly: Drug Metabolism Letters. 2022; 2: 101-15. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/2949681015666220609095706
14.    Mohapatra PK, Kumar BP, Patel PS, Verma HC, Sahoo S. Development and Evaluation of Trans Buccal Patches based on Natural and Synthetic Polymers Loaded with Rivastigmine using Solvent Casting Technique. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(10): 5133-40. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00894
15.    Pooja Dhama, Sachin Kumar, Manoj Kumar Sagar. Development and Characterization of Transdermal patches of Tramadol Hydrochloride: An Approach to Pain Management. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(1): 1-5. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00001
16.    Lama Alhaushey, Ranin Darwish Ahmad. Formulation and Evaluation of Celecoxib Transdermal Patches. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(4): 1574-0. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00257
17.    Ragni Kumari, Virendra Kumar Sharma. Optimization of the Formulation of Transdermal patches of Amiodarone. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(8): 3739-2. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00617
18.    Prerana Sahu, Anjali, Gyanesh Kumar Sahu, Harish Sharma, Chanchal Deep Kaur. Formulation, Characterization and Ex vivo Evaluation of Epinephrine Transdermal Patches. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(4): 1684-1692. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00305.4
19.    Sidra Choudhary, Sanket Dharashivkar, Chetan Mahajan, Madhuri Gaikwad. Formulation and Evaluation of Nano-fiber-based Transdermal patch of Cephalexin. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2020; 13(6): 2787-2791. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00495.3
20.    Naaz F, Majumdar A, Malviya N, Mourya P, Dhere M. Formulation and Evaluation of Febuxostat Transdermal Patch for Management of Gout. Evaluation. 2024; Jan 19; 1(1): 1. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00058
21.    Liji Jacob, Manju Salim S, Jilby Saju. Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches of Selegiline. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 12(2): 96-0. DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2022.00016
22.    Kalpak Gajbhiye, Nawaz Hakam, Gauri Rathod, Mukund Tawar. Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches of Benidipine Hydrochloride. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 11(3): 207-2. DOI: 10.52711/2231-5713.2021.00034
23.    Rajasekhar B, Reddy BH, Farheen GA, Anjinappa J, Krishna KR, Srilatha P, Farida S. Formulation and evaluation of transdermal patch of carbamazepine. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews. 2024; 22(2): 1601-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.2 1549  
24.    Tadhi N, Chopra H, Sharma GK. Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal patch of Methimazole. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(9): 4667-72. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00811
25.    Satyalakshmi S, Karthik D, Anusha J, Kamala Kumari PV, Srinivasa Rao Y, Rama Rao B. Design, characterization and optimization of Rosuvastatin calcium nanosponges loaded transdermal patch. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 17(4): 1753-7. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00278
26.    Himani Bajaj, Seema Bisht Chauhan, Mayank Yadav, Navin Chandra Pant, Mamta Farswan Singh, Vinod Singh. Non-Aqueous Based HPMC Transdermal Patch of Aceclofenac: In vitro characterization. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 17(3): 1107-3. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00173
27.    Farheen Naaz, Arti Majumdar, Neelesh Malviya, Priya Mourya, Manisha Dhere. Formulation and Evaluation of Febuxostat Transdermal Patch for Management of Gout. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 17(1): 373-8. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00058
28.    Kamal Kumar, Nida Parveen. Development of Nanoparticles of an Antifungal Drug Incorporated in Transdermal patch. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(5): 2125-2. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00349

Recomonded Articles:

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology (RJPT) is an international, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal.... Read more >>>

RNI: CHHENG00387/33/1/2008-TC                     
DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X 

1.3
2021CiteScore
 
56th percentile
Powered by  Scopus


SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Journal Policies & Information


Recent Articles




Tags


Not Available