ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Hypnosis has historically attracted scepticism within academic and clinical contexts, often attributed to cultural misconceptions, early methodological inconsistency, and its association with non-scientific practices, rather than an absence of empirical support. Over the past several decades, advances in cognitive neuroscience and psychophysiology have increasingly clarified the mechanisms underlying hypnotic phenomena. Contemporary research demonstrates that hypnotherapy engages measurable neurobiological processes, including functional and structural neuroplasticity, alterations in brain network connectivity, modulation of attentional and executive control systems, changes in autonomic nervous system regulation, and shifts in neurochemical signalling. These mechanisms underpin observable changes in perception, emotion regulation, cognition, and behaviour. Hypnotherapy may therefore be conceptualised as operating within established cognitive-behavioural and neuroregulatory frameworks, rather than outside them. Aim: This study aims to contribute to the growing empirical literature by examining hypnotherapy through a cognitive-behavioural and neurobiological lens, clarifying its theoretical compatibility with contemporary models of learning, attention, and behavioural change. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, TRIP, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Search terms included clinical hypnosis, cognitive framework, and behavioural science.. Inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025 that investigated the cognitive-behavioural mechanisms underlying hypnotherapy and its scientific validity. Conclusion: The literature reviewed indicates that hypnotherapy engages identifiable cognitive-behavioural and neurobiological mechanisms consistent with contemporary psychological and behavioural science. Evidence of changes in attentional control, perception, emotional regulation, and brain-based functional organisation following hypnotic interventions supports the conceptualisation of hypnotherapy as an evidence-informed, cognitively mediated therapeutic approach. Framing hypnotherapy within established scientific frameworks -particularly those concerned with attention, learning, prediction, and regulation, clarifies its mechanisms of action and strengthens its theoretical coherence. Such positioning may enhance its credibility, support its integration within clinical practice, and facilitate broader acceptance within mainstream healthcare and psychological sciences.