Author(s):
Shubham Tikait, Subhranshu Panda, Swati Deshmukh, Vishal Rasve
Email(s):
shubhamtikait004@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00269
Address:
Shubham Tikait1*, Subhranshu Panda2, Swati Deshmukh3, Vishal Rasve4
1Research Scholar, Jaipur National University (JNU), Jaipur, Rajasthan – 302017, India.
2Director, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University (JNU), Jaipur, Rajasthan - 302017.
3Principal, Shraddha Institute of Pharmacy (SIOPs), Washim, Maharashtra – 444505, India.
4Assistant Professor, Shri Amolak Jain Vidya Prasarak Mandal's, College of Pharmaceutical Science & Research Center, Kada, Beed, Maharashtra – 414202, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 4,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Enteric-coated nanoparticles represent a cutting-edge strategy to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of orally administered drugs. By shielding drugs from gastric degradation and enabling site-specific release in the intestine, these nanoparticles ensure controlled and efficient drug delivery. This review explores the pharmacokinetic benefits of enteric-coated nanoparticles, including enhanced solubility, improved intestinal permeability, and reduced first-pass metabolism. Their applications span diverse therapeutic areas, such as gastrointestinal disorders, peptide and protein drug delivery, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and targeted antibiotic/probiotic therapies. Emerging trends in this field include the use of biodegradable polymer coatings, hybrid nanocarrier systems, and innovations in 3D printing and artificial intelligence-driven formulation design. Additionally, regulatory challenges and scale-up considerations are discussed to bridge the gap between research and clinical translation. As advancements continue, enteric-coated nanoparticles have the potential to transform oral drug delivery, improving patient adherence, optimizing therapeutic efficacy, and paving the way for future applications in personalized medicine.
Cite this article:
Shubham Tikait, Subhranshu Panda, Swati Deshmukh, Vishal Rasve. Advancements in Enteric Coated Nanoparticles for Improving Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs: A Comprehensive Study. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(4):1869-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00269
Cite(Electronic):
Shubham Tikait, Subhranshu Panda, Swati Deshmukh, Vishal Rasve. Advancements in Enteric Coated Nanoparticles for Improving Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Drugs: A Comprehensive Study. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(4):1869-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00269 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-4-58
REFERENCES:
1. Xu J, Sun G, Cheng X, An Y, Yao X, et al. Intestinal nanoparticle delivery and cellular response: a review of the bidirectional interactions between nanoparticles and cells focusing on enterocytes and goblet cells, M cells, and immune cells in the mucosa. J Nanobiotechnology. 2024; 12(1): 2930.
2. Samuel PK, Rupa G. A study to assess level of job satisfaction and its impact on employee performance in pharmaceutical industry. Res J Pharm Technol. 2020; 13(3): 1198-203.
3. Al-Ogaili NA, Osama S, Jazme D, Saad S. In vitro antibacterial investigation and synergistic effect of Ficus carica and Olea europaea aqueous extracts. Res J Pharm Technol. 2020; 13(3): 1198-203.
4. Stacey GL, Keen NT. Plant-microbe interactions. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1996.
5. Anshu Sharma, CP Jain, MS Ashawat. Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) and Biowaivers: Role in Drug Product Design. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2008; 1(3): 144-151.
6. Mandell GL, Petri WA. Antimicrobial agents: penicillins, cephalosporins, and other β-lactam antibiotics. In: Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996. p. 1073-1101.
7. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Nanosuspension technologies for delivery of poorly soluble drugs: a review. Res J Pharm Technol. 2016; 9(5): 545-53.
8. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Nanosuspension technology for poorly water-soluble drugs: an overview. Res J Pharm Technol. 2011; 4(4): 549-57.
9. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system: a novel technique for improving bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Res J Pharm Technol. 2020; 13(5): 2439-45.
10. Tan SLJ, Billa N. Improved bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs through gastrointestinal mucoadhesion of lipid nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13(11): 1817. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111817.
11. Samuel PK, Rupa G. A study to assess level of job satisfaction and subjective wellbeing of teaching faculty employed in selected colleges of nursing at Pandalam, Pathanamthitta District, Kerala. Asian J Nurs Educ Res. 2017; 7(2): 222-4.
12. A. A. Hajare, Y. T. Shetty. Formulation, Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation of Floating Microspheres of Diltiazem Hydrochloride by Ionotropic Gelation technique. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2008; 1(1): 52-56.
13. Singh AK. Acid catalysed solvolysis of amyl methanoate in binary aqueous solvent system and solvent effect on kinetics of activation parameters. Asian J Chem. 2018; 30(5): 1001-5.
14. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Enteric coated drug delivery system. Res J Pharm Technol. 2010; 3(3): 606-12.
15. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Nanosponges-revolutionary approach: a review. Res J Pharm Technol. 2020; 13(7): 3565-71.
16. Deepika Maliwal, Anurekha Jain, RK Maheshwari, Vidyasagar Patidar. Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Estimation of Metronidazole and Norfloxacin in Combined Tablet Formulations using hydrotropy. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2008; 1(4): 357-361.
17. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system: a potential solution for bioavailability enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs. Res J Pharm Technol. 2023; 16(10): 4501-8.
18. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Improving the dissolution rate of mefenamic acid by preparing solid dispersions. Res J Pharm Technol. 2023; 16(7): 3185-90.
19. Zhang Y, Chan HF, Leong KW. Advanced materials and processing for drug delivery: the past and the future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2013; 65(1): 104-20.
20. Kumari A, Yadav SK, Yadav SC. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2010; 75(1): 1-18.
21. Soppimath KS, Aminabhavi TM, Kulkarni AR, Rudzinski WE. Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery devices. J Control Release. 2001; 70(1-2): 1-20.
22. Wang H, Zhao Y, Wu Y, et al. Enhanced anti-tumor efficacy by co-delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel with amphiphilic methoxy PEG-PLGA copolymer nanoparticles. Biomaterials. 2011; 32(32): 8281–90. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.032.
23. Chen Q, Han X, Liu L, et al. Multifunctional polymer vesicles for synergistic antibiotic-antioxidant treatment of bacterial keratitis. Biomacromolecules. 2023; 24(11): 5230–44. doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00754.
24. Pare A, Yadav SK, Patil UK. Formulation and Evaluation of Effervescent Floating Tablet of Amlodipine besylate. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2008; 1(3): 255-258.
25. Md S, Alhakamy NA, Neamatallah T, et al. Development, characterization, and evaluation of α-mangostin-loaded polymeric nanoparticle gel for topical therapy in skin cancer. Gels. 2021; 7(4): 230. doi:10.3390/gels7040230.
26. V. B. Yadav, A. V. Yadav, S. A. Polshettiwar, M.S.Wani. Improved Solubility and Dissolution Behavior of Norfloxacin by Crystal Modification. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2008; 1(1): 29-32.
27. Shumin L, Xu Z, Alrobaian M, et al. EGF-functionalized lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles of 5-fluorouracil and sulforaphane with enhanced bioavailability and anticancer activity against colon carcinoma. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2022; 69(5): 2205–21. doi:10.1002/bab.2279.
28. Karim S, Akhter MH, Burzangi AS, et al. Phytosterol-loaded surface-tailored bioactive-polymer nanoparticles for cancer treatment: Optimization, in vitro cell viability, antioxidant activity, and stability studies. Gels. 2022; 8: 219. doi:10.3390/gels8040219.
29. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Preparation and evaluation of nifedipine solid dispersions. Res J Pharm Technol. 2020; 13(9): 4215-20.
30. Kisan R. Jadhav, Vilasrao.J. Kadam, Sambhaji S. Pisal. Stability Enhancement and In-vitro Skin Permeation of Erythromycin from Lecithin - IPM Organogel. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2008; 1(1): 33-39.
31. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Enteric-coated effervescent microbead drug delivery system: A review. Res J Pharm Technol. 2019; 12(8): 3850-5.
32. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. A review on solid dispersion as a technique for enhancement of solubility and bioavailability. Res J Pharm Technol. 2014; 7(12): 1455-64.
33. Mir MA, Akhter MH, Afzal O, et al. Design-of-experiment-assisted fabrication of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles: In vitro characterization, biological activity, and in vivo assessment. ACS Omega. 2023; 8(42): 38806–21. doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c01153.
34. Babu VR, Aleem MA, Nikhat SR, Aslam S, Khan M. Nanosuspension technology for poorly water-soluble drugs: An overview. Res J Pharm Technol. 2011; 4(4): 549-57.
35. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Nanosuspension technologies for delivery of poorly soluble drugs: A review. Res J Pharm Technol. 2016; 9(5): 545-53.
36. Vozza G, Khalid M, Byrne HJ, Ryan SM, Jesus M. Frias, Nutraceutical formulation, characterisation, and in-vitro evaluation of methylselenocysteine and selenocystine using food-derived chitosan-zein nanoparticles. Food Res Int. 2019; 120: 295–304. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2019.02.028.
37. Pauluk D, Krause Padilha A, Maissar Khalil N, Mainardes RM. Chitosan-coated zein nanoparticles for oral delivery of resveratrol: Formation, characterization, stability, mucoadhesive properties and antioxidant activity. Food Hydrocoll. 2019; 94: 411–7. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.042.
38. Xia L, Cong Z, Liu Z, et al. Improvement of the solubility, photostability, antioxidant activity and UVB photoprotection of trans-resveratrol by essential oil-based microemulsions for topical application. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018; 48: 346–54. doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.017.
39. Chatterjee B, Gorain B, Mohananaidu K, et al. Targeted drug delivery to the brain via intranasal nanoemulsion: Available proof of concept and existing challenges. Int J Pharm. 2019; 565: 258–68. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.032.
40. Pandey P, Gulati N, Makhija M, et al. Nanoemulsion: A novel drug delivery approach for enhancement of bioavailability. Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2020; 14(4): 276–93. doi:10.2174/1872210514666200604145755.
41. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Enteric-coated drug delivery system. Res J Pharm Technol. 2010;3(3):606-12.
42. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Nanoemulsion: A droplet nanocarrier system for enhancing bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Res J Pharm Technol. 2018; 11(11): 4973-81.
43. Shete AS, Mohite VL, Yadav AV. Preparation and Evaluation of Mucilage of Ocimum Basilicum as a Gelling Agent. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2008; 1(3): 201-203.
44. Bhore SD. A review on solid dispersion as a technique for enhancement of bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Res J Pharm Technol. 2014; 7(12): 1485-91.
45. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Liquisolid technology: A novel approach to enhance solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Res J Pharm Technol. 2015; 8(12): 1653-61.
46. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. Nanosuspension as an emerging nanotechnology and techniques for its preparation and characterization: A review. Res J Pharm Technol. 2022; 15(1): 379-87.
47. Rasve VR, Chakraborty AK, Jain SK, Vengurlekar S. Comparative evaluation of antidiabetic activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Clematis triloba and their SMEDDS formulation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol. 2022; 29(4): 959–71. doi:10.53555/jptcp.v29i04.2360.
48. Patel M, Shah T, Amin A. A review on the concept of superfluity mechanism in solubility enhancement of poorly soluble drugs. Res J Pharm Technol. 2022; 15(8): 3611-6.
49. Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Liang R, et al. Beta-carotene chemical stability in nanoemulsions was improved by stabilization with beta-lactoglobulin-catechin conjugates through the free radical method. J Agric Food Chem. 2015; 63(1): 297–303. doi:10.1021/jf5056024.
50. Ding L, Tang S, Yu A, et al. Nanoemulsion-assisted siRNA delivery to modulate the nervous tumor microenvironment in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022; 14(8): 10015–29. doi:10.1021/acsami.1c21997.
51. Zhuo Y, Zhao Y-G, Zhang Y. Enhancing drug solubility, bioavailability, and targeted therapeutic applications through magnetic nanoparticles. Molecules. 2024; 29(4854). doi:10.3390/molecules29204854.
52. Asgari S, Farasati Far B, Charmi G, Haji Maghsoudi P, Keihankhadiv S, Seyedhamzeh M, Kaushik A. Chitosan-grafted poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)-decorated Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell nano formulation as an efficient drug delivery system for poorly soluble drugs. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2023; 6: 5809–27.
53. Ahmadi F, Saeedi M, Akbari J, Seyedabadi M, Ebrahimnejad P, Morteza-Semnani K, et al. Nanohybrid based on (Mn, Zn) ferrite nanoparticles functionalized with chitosan and sodium alginate for loading of curcumin against human breast cancer cells. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2023; 24(222).
54. Ansari SR, Hempel N-J, Asad S, Svedlindh P, Bergstrom CAS, Lobmann K, Teleki A. Hyperthermia-induced in situ drug amorphization by superparamagnetic nanoparticles in oral dosage forms. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022; 14: 21978–88.
55. Sohan S. Chitlange, Mohammed Imran, Kiran Bagri, DM Sakarkar. A stability-indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of ramipril and valsartan in pharmaceutical dosage form. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2008; 1(3): 215-217.
56. Aghaei A, Sadiqi H, Mohammad AAK, Gulmohammad AW, Likozar B, Nosrati H, et al. Magnetic ferrite nanoparticles coated with bovine serum albumin and glycine polymers for controlled release of curcumin as a model. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2023; 34: 2537–50.
57. Idris AH, Abdullah CAC, Yusof NA, Asmawi AA, Rahman MBA. Nanostructured lipid carrier co-loaded with docetaxel and magnetic nanoparticles: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(1319).
58. Mathes N, Comas M, Bleul R, Everaert K, Hermle T, Wiekhorst F, et al. Nitrogen-vacancy center magnetic imaging of Fe3O4 nanoparticles inside the gastrointestinal tract of Drosophila melanogaster. Nanoscale Adv. 2023; 247–55.
59. Din FU, Aman W, Ullah I, et al. Effective use of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems for the treatment of selected tumors. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017; 12: 7291–309.
60. Li Z, Wang L, Li Y, Feng Y, Feng W. Carbon-based functional nanomaterials: preparation, properties and applications. Compos Sci Technol. 2019; 179: 10–40.
61. Orza A, Casciano D, Biris A. Nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery to cancer stem cells. Drug Metab Rev. 2014; 46(2): 191–206.
62. PA Patel, GM Chaulang , A Akolkotkar, SS Mutha, SR Hardikar, AV Bhosale. Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System: A Review. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2008; 1(4): 313-323.
63. Begum S, Karim AN, Ansari MN, Hashmi MS. Nanomaterials. Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials. 2020; 1.
64. Souto EB, Baldim I, Oliveira WP, et al. SLN and NLC for topical, dermal, and transdermal drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2020; 17(3): 357–77.
65. Bhowmik D. Recent advances in novel topical drug delivery system. Pharma Innovation. 2012;1.
66. Krishnan V, Mitragotri S. Nanoparticles for topical drug delivery: potential for skin cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2020; 153: 87–108.
67. Ye Z, Zheng L, He J, Lin J, Chen Y, Yu H, et al. Liquid-metal soft electronics coupled with multi-legged robots for targeted delivery in the gastrointestinal tract. Device. 2024; 2: 100181.
68. Farjadian F, Faghih Z, Fakhimi M, Iranpour P, Mohammadi-Samani S, Doroudian M. Glucosamine-modified mesoporous silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles: A “raisin-cake”-like structure as an efficient theranostic platform for targeted methotrexate delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(2491).
69. Hasani M, Jafari S, Akbari Javar H, Abdollahi H, Rashidzadeh H. Cell-penetrating peptidic GRP78 ligand-conjugated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles for tumor-targeted doxorubicin delivery and imaging. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2023; 6: 1019–31.
70. Shafiei G, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Farhoudi-Sefidan-Jadid M, Alizadeh E, Fathi M, Zarghami N. Targeted delivery of silibinin via magnetic niosomal nanoparticles: Potential application in treatment of colon cancer cells. Front Pharmacol. 2023; 14: 1174120.
71. Mirzaghavami PS, Khoei S, Khoee S, Shirvalilou S. Folic acid-conjugated magnetic triblock copolymer nanoparticles for dual targeted delivery of 5-fluorouracil to colon cancer cells. Cancer Nanotechnol. 2022; 13(12).
72. Zhou H, Alici G. A magnetically actuated novel robotic capsule for site-specific drug delivery inside the gastrointestinal tract. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Syst. 2022; 52: 4010–20.
73. Xie M, Meng F, Wang P, Díaz-García AM, Parkhats M, Santos-Oliveira R, et al. Surface engineering of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for breast cancer diagnostics and drug delivery. Int J Nanomed. 2024; 19: 8437–61.