ABSTRACT:
In the past two decades,Vitamin D has developed a major space for research and that has transformed from the simple concept that vitamin D is important for the prevention of rickets to more physiological relevance on adults. Hypovitaminosis D being acknowledged as a pandemic, affects almost 50% of the population worldwide. The literature review recommends that the vitamin D insufficiency and its occurrence increases along with latitude, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, limited sunlight exposure and aging. A huge body of evidence revealed that subjects with vitamin D insufficiency have augmented cardiovascular disorder, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and malignancies. The aim of the current review is to make an enhanced understanding of the processes by which deficits in vitamin D cause specific changes in cell and organ functions and thus augment the risk for chronic diseases of different etiology.This article also observed the frequency of vitamin D insufficiency and to assess the prospective inference for skeletal and extraskeletal health. The broad variety of disorders connected with the scarcity of vitamin D in combination with the high occurrence of these conditions signifies a unique challenge for preventive medicine.