Author(s):
Sinar Yani, Setyawati Soeharto, Sumarno, Handono Kalim
Email(s):
Sinaryani@yahoo.com
DOI:
10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00432.1 
Address:
Sinar Yani1,2, Setyawati Soeharto1,3, Sumarno1,4, Handono Kalim1,5
1Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya.
2Oral Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman.
3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya.
4Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya.
5Rheumatology and Allergy-Immunology Division, Internal Medicine, Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 13,
Issue - 5,
Year - 2020
ABSTRACT:
Background: Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP-8) and type 1 collagen play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This allows it to be used as a biomarker for evaluating the therapeutic effect. Various studies have shown that active components possessed Eleutherine americana Merr (EAM) has anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression change of MMP-8 as well as type 1 collagen after treatment with EAM in rats with periodontitis. Material and Methods: Thirty-six rats (Rattus novergicus) were used as periodontitis rat models. Wire ligature was placed in a subgingival position, encircling entire cervix of the incisors. Periodontitis bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, was then injected into gingival sulcus twice a week for a maximum of 14 days. After the ligature placement, animals were randomly assigned to six experimental groups (n=6) : 1) Periodontitis + Na-CMC, 2) Periodontitis + EAM100mg/Kg, 3) Periodontitis + EAM250mg/Kg, 4) Periodontitis + EAM500mg/Kg, 5) Periodontitis + EAM1000mg/Kg, 6) Periodontitis + Doxycycline. The experiment was conducted for 10 days and at the end of experiment, all the rats were sacrificed and their gingival tissue was removed. Expression of MMP-8 and type 1 collagen in gingival tissue was observed immunohistochemically. The data was then analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. Results: The gingiva of rats showed a significant decrease in MMP-8 expression after treatment with EAM250, EAM500 and EAM1000. Type 1 Collagen expression in gingiva increased significantly after treatment with ethanol extract of Eleutherine americana Merr in accordance with the dose. Conclusion: Eleutherine americana Merr decreases expression of Matrix-Metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and increased expression of type 1 collagen in gingival tissue of the periodontitis rat models.
Cite this article:
Sinar Yani, Setyawati Soeharto, Sumarno, Handono Kalim. The Effect of Eleutherine americana Merr. Extract on Expression Changes of MMP-8 and Type 1 Collagen in Periodontitis Rat Models. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2020; 13(5):2407-2412. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00432.1
Cite(Electronic):
Sinar Yani, Setyawati Soeharto, Sumarno, Handono Kalim. The Effect of Eleutherine americana Merr. Extract on Expression Changes of MMP-8 and Type 1 Collagen in Periodontitis Rat Models. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2020; 13(5):2407-2412. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00432.1 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2020-13-5-62
REFERENCES:
1. S. Mounika and Gopinath. Periodontitis as a Risk Factor of Atherosclerosis. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2016 ; 9 (11) : 2017-2019
2. R. Sai P., Sheeja Varghese. Gingival Tissue Level of Interleukin-1 in Diabetic Patient with Chronic Periodontitis.: Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017; 10 (12): 3185 -3187
3. S. Sripradha.To study the impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on BMI and Hip-Waist ratio in obese patients with and without periodontitis. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2016; 9 (10): 1704 – 1706
4. Gayathri M, Gheena S, Gopinath, Comparison of the aerobic microbes in supragingival plaque of chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2016 ; 9(9): 1363 – 1366
5. Vasavi K and Savitha G. Assessment of Gamma Glutamyl Transferase in Chronic Periodontitis.: Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2018; 11(11) : 5083-5085
6. Doaa H., Baha H.A., Zainab M.H. Association of IL-1α (-889) and TNF-α (-309) Gene Polymorphism with Chronic Periodontitis in Hilla City. Journal of Global Pharma Technology 2018; 10: issue 03: 28 – 34
7. Shi J., Li J., Su W., Zhao S., Li H., Lei L. Loss of periodontal ligament fibroblasts by RIPK3-LMKL-mediated necroptosis in the progress of chronic periodontitis. Scientific Reports 2019 ; www. Naturecom/scientific reports.
8. Frial GA. Polymorphism of IL-4 (-590) and IL-6 (-174) is not associated with Chronic Periodontitis in Babylonian Population. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2018; 11(1): 275 – 280
9. Divyadharsini V and Sankari M. Effect of Smoking on Interleukin- 1 and Reactive Oxygen Species in Periodontitis. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2018; 11 (3) : 1247 -150
10. Akansha D. C, Priyalochana G. Role of Interleukin 1 in Gingival Tissues in Chronic Periodontitis -A Review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017; 10 (9) : 3185- 3187
11. Rios P.H., Hernande M., Garrido M., Tervahartiala T., Leppilahti J.M., Kuula H., et al. Oral Fluid Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 as a diagnostic tool in chronic periodontitis. Metalloproteinase in Medicine 2016 ;(3) : 11-18
12. Ruchika A.and Lakshmi T. Salivary Enzymes as Biomarkers for Periodontitis-An Update. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.2014 ; 7 (1):98 -100
13. Vikrant, A., and Arya, M. L. A review on anti-inflammatory plant barks. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 3(2), 899–908.
14. Holmes N., Charles P... Clinical Medicine : Therapeutics Safety and Efficacy of Doxycycline. Clin Med Ther. 2009 ; 1069–1072.
15. Jiji J, Pamela E, N. Ambalavanan, Esha. Comparative Evaluation of Adjunctive Use of Locally Delivered Tetracycline Fiber (Actisite) With Scaling and Root Planning in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitisa Clinical Study. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2013 ; 6 (1) : 90 -95
16. Gursoy U, K., Kononen E., Huumonen S., Tervahartiaia T., Pussinen P.J., Suminen A.L., Sorsa T. Salivary Type 1 Collagen Degradation End-products and Related Matrix Metalloproteinases in Periodontitis. J. Clin periodontal 2013; 40: 18 – 25.
17. Silva, N., Abusleme, L., Bravo, D., Dutzan, N., Garcia-Sesnich, J., Vernal, R.,Gamonal, J. Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 2015. 23(3), 329–355.
18. Kuntorini, E. M, and Nugroho L.H., Structural development and bioactive content of red bulb plant (Eleutherine americana); a traditional medicines for local Kalimantan people. Biodiversitas, Journal of Biological Diversity, 2010. 11(2), 102–106.
19. Kusuma, I. W., Arung, E. T., Rosamah, E., Purwatiningsih, S., Kuspradini, H., Syafrizal, Shimizu, K. Antidermatophyte and antimelanogenesis compound from Eleutherine americana grown in Indonesia. Journal of Natural Medicines, 2010. 64(2), 223–226.
20. Pratiwi D., Wahdaningsih, Isnidar. The test of Antioxidant activity from Bawang Mekah Leaves (Eleutherine americana Merr.) Using DPPH (2,2 Dipheniyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) Method. Trad.Med.J. 2013 ; Vol 18(1).p 9 -16
21. SN Azizah, S Yani, S Ismail, M Masyudhi, E Sawitri. Effect of Ethanol Extract of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb on Anaerobic Bacterial Prophyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry., 2018: 4(3), 128–135
22. Tessele P.B., Monache F.D., Quintão N.L., da Silva G., Rocha L, Lucena G., Ferreira V., Prediger R., Filho V., A New Naphthoquinone Isolated from the Bulbs of Cipura paludosa and Pharmacological Activity of Two Main Constituents. Planta Med 2011; 77: 1035–1043
23. Insanu M., Kusmardiayani S., Hartati R. Recent Studies on Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Effects of Eleutherine americana Merr. Procedia Chemistry 2014: 13: 221 -228
24. Meiliana N. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Bawang Dayak (Eleuthrine Palmifolia (L.) Merr) Secara Oral Pada Mencit BALB/c terhadap Pencegahan Penurunan Jumlah NK sel dan CD 8+ . Jurnal Biosains Pascasarjana. 2016. Vol. 18(1)
25. Nafilah, R., Chriestedy Prasetya, R., and IDA Susilawati Fakultas Kedoktean Gigi Universitas Jember Jl Kalimantan. Deteksi Lesi Aterosklerosis Koroner pada Model Tikus Periodontitis (Detection of Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions in Periodontitis Rat Model). E-Jurnal Pustaka Kesehatan, 2015: 3(2), 217–223.
26. Azizah N, Mashitah MW, Samsu N, et al. Immunization of AGE-modified albumin inhibits diabetic nephropathy progression in diabetic mice. Diabetes Metab Syndrome Obesity. 2015;8:347–355.
27. Rathnayake N., Gieselmann D., Heikkinen A., Tervahartiala T., Sorsa T. Salivary Diagnostics-Point-of-care diagnostics of MMP-8 in dentistry and medicine. Diagnostics (Basel). 2017 Mar; 7(1): 7.
28. Al-Majid, A., Alassiri, S., Rathnayake, N., Tervahartiala, T., Gieselmann, D. R., and Sorsa, T. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 as an inflammatory and prevention biomarker in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. International Journal of Dentistry, 2018.
29. Emingil, G., Gürkan, A., Tervahartiala, T., Hernandez, M., Özgül, S., Sorsa, T., and Alassiri, S. Adjunctive effects of a sub-antimicrobial dose of doxycycline on clinical parameters and potential biomarkers of periodontal tissue catabolism. Dentistry Journal, 2019: 7(1).
30. Sorsa T., Mantyla, Ronka H., Kallio P., Kallis G.B., Lundqvist C., Kinane D.F., Saloo T., Golub L.M., Teronen O. and Tkanoja S. Scientific basis of a matrix metalloproteinase-8 specific chair-side test for monitoring periodontal and peri-implant health and disease.. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1999, 878: 130-140.
31. Kang, M. G., Cha, H. J., Song, S. H., Park, J. W., Suh, J. Y., and Lee, J. M. MMP-2, MMP-8 Expression in gingival tissue of Chronic Periodontitis associated to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The Journal of the Korean Academy of Periodontology, 2005. 35(3), 661.
32. Honibald, E., Mathew, S., Padmanaban, J., Sundaram, E., and Ramamoorthy, R. Perioceutics: Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as an adjunctive therapy for inflammatory periodontal disease. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 2012: 4(6), 417.
33. Gomes, P. S., and Fernandes, M. H. Effect of therapeutic levels of doxycycline and minocycline in the proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow osteoblastic cells. Archives of Oral Biology, 2007. 52(3), 251–259.
34. Golub L.M, Lee H.-M., Ryan M.E., Giannobile W.V., Payne J., and Sorsa T. Tetracyclines Inhibit Connective Tissue Breakdown by Multiple Non-Antimicrobial Mechanisms. Advances in Dental Research., 1998: 12(12), 12–26. DOI: 10.1177/08959374980120010501
35. Ifesan, B. O. T., and Voravuthlkunchai, S. P. Effect of Eleutherine americana Merr. Extract on enzymatic activity and enterotoxin production of staphylococcus aureus in broth and cooked pork. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2009: 6(6), 699–704.
36. Lorencini M, Silva JA, Almeida CA, Bruni-Cardoso A, Carvalho HF, Stach-Machado DR. A new paradigm in the periodontal disease progression: gingival connective tissue remodeling with simultaneous collagen degradation and fibers thickening. Tissue Cell, 2009, 41(1):43–50.
37. Ejeil AL, Igondjo-Tchen S, Ghomrasseni S, Pellat B, Godeau G, Gogly B. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in healthy and diseased human gingiva. J Periodontol, 2003, 74(2): 188–195.
38. Upadhyay, A., Chattopadhyay, P., Goyary, D., Mazumder, P. M., and Veer, V. Eleutherine indica L. accelerates in vivo cutaneous wound healing by stimulating Smad-mediated collagen production. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013: 146(2), 490–494.
39. Jain A. and Bahuguna R. Role of Matrix metalloproteinases in dental caries, pulp, and periapical inflammation: An overview. Journal of Oral Biology and craniofacial research. 2015. 5: 212 -218