Author(s):
Bapan Banik, Jayanta Barman, Manash Pratim Dutta, Nikita Bhowmick
Email(s):
bapan4india@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2021.01083 
Address:
Bapan Banik1*, Jayanta Barman2, Manash Pratim Dutta1, Nikita Bhowmick1
1Department of Herbal Science and Technology, ADP College, Nagaon, Assam 782002, India.
2Institutional Biotech Hub, Dept. of Physics, ADP College, Nagaon, Assam 782002, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 14,
Issue - 12,
Year - 2021
ABSTRACT:
Mosquito repellent is a product that is applied to the skin or other surfaces to deter insects (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on that surface. The interest in plant-based repellants has been revived seeing that the development of resistance, cross-resistance and possible toxicity hazards associated with synthetic insecticides and their rising cost. The present study aimed towards the development and evaluation of safe and efficient herbal mosquito repellent from leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica, Vitex negundo, and Ocimum gratissimum. Six different types of formulation (Type-1 to 6) were prepared using each plant extract and optimized ingredients. The mosquito repellent activity of the formulation was tested using the arm-in-cage method. One skin rubbed with a small quantity of formulation was exposed to 20 mosquitoes and the number of mosquitoes that aligned or biting the arm was recorded in each minute for five minutes. The most effective repellent activity of the Type2 formulation was 87.5% (Y-shaped Model) and 91.62% (Rectangular-shaped Model). The Type1, Type3, Type4, Type5 and Type6 formulation showed 66.62% , 58.25%, 68.75%, 70.75% and 62.5% repellent activity in Y shaped model and 66.62%, 62.5%, 70.75%, 83.25% and 62.5% repellent activity in Rectangular shaped model respectively. During these studies, we found that Hexane extract showed higher repellent activity. No allergic reactions were observed upon the skin. So, it is a safe product. The formulation was ecological, economical and highly efficient.
Cite this article:
Bapan Banik, Jayanta Barman, Manash Pratim Dutta, Nikita Bhowmick. Development and Evaluation of Herbal Mosquito Repellent Cream. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(12):6262-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.01083
Cite(Electronic):
Bapan Banik, Jayanta Barman, Manash Pratim Dutta, Nikita Bhowmick. Development and Evaluation of Herbal Mosquito Repellent Cream. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(12):6262-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.01083 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2021-14-12-13
REFERENCES:
1. Mudrigal RV, Knapp FE, Sigafus R, Smith (Jr) CR. The fraction of Extraction of Vitex negundo and their activity against mosquito laevae. Mosquito News. 1979;39:536-40.
2. SeyoumA, Kabru EW, Lwande W, Hassanali A, Knols BGJ. Repellency of live potted plants against Anopheles gambie from human baits in semi field experimental huts. American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2002;67:191-195.
3. Pattanayak B, Dhal NK. Plants Having Mosquito Repellent Activity: An Ethnobotanical Survey. International Journal of Research and Development in Pharmacy and Life Sciences. 2015;4(5):1760-1765.
4. Green wood B, Mutabingwa T. Malaria in 2002. Nature. 2000;415:339-342
5. Frandin MS, Day JF. Comparative efficacy of insect repellents against mosquito bites. New England Journal of Medicine. 2002;347:13-18.
6. Aldar S, Deshmukh G. Mosquito Repellent, Prevention is better than cure. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2019;9(3):193-198.
7. Sharma S, Baghel S and Gulati G. Ecofriendly Repellent-A Study of Control of Mosquito Vectors. Journal of Environment and Earth Science. 2013;3(6):22-25.
8. Uppala PK, JRadhadevi JB, Kumar KA, Bangaruthalli. Formulation and Evaluation of Mosquito Repellent Activity of Polyherbal Formulations of Extraction of Annona squamosa, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus alba, Citrus aurantium and Rosa indica and their phytochemical analysis. Asian J Pharm Tech. 2017;7(2): 91-102.
9. Yang P, Ma Y. Repellent effects of plant essential oils against Aedes albopictus. Journal of vector Ecology. 2005;30(2):231-234.
10. RV Shete, KV Otari, OG Bichewar. Vitex negundo Linn. : Phytoconstituents and Research Findings. Research J Pharm and Tech. 2011;4(1):47-51.
11. Singh A, Devgun M, Goyat S, Kiran K, Singh K. Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Vitex negundo Linn. A Review Research J Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2011;3(6):249-255.
12. Chawla AS, Sharma AK, Handa SS and Dhar KL. Chemical investigation and anti-inflammatory activity of Vitex negundo seeds. Journal of Natural Products. 55(2); 1992: 163-167.
13. Hebbalkar DS, Hebbalkar GD, Sharma RN, Joshi VS and Bhatt VS. Mosquito repellent activity of oils from Vitex negundo Linn. leaves. The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 1992;95:200-203.
14. Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamronsign Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. Journal of vector ecology. 2001;26(1):76-82
15. Ramasamy R, Rajan R and Velmurugan R. Development of Mosquito Repellent Fabrics using Vitex negundo loaded Nanoparticles. Malaya Journal of Biosciences. 2014;1(1):19–23.
16. Ranasinghe MSN, Arambewela L, Samarasinghe S. Development of Herbal Mosquito Repellent Formulations. IJPSR. 2016;7(9):3643-3648.
17. Jigar V, Jaydeep C. Development of Multipurpose Topical Herbal Gel. Res J Pharma. Dosage Forms and Tech. 2020;12(2):73-77.
18. Snehal D, Sandokar, AY,Sahare SS, Bodhankar SC, Akare AD,Wanjari. Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Ointment of Anogeissus latifolia Bark Extract. Res J Pharma Dosage Forms and Tech. 2019;11(3):149-151.
19. Vidya N, Shubhangi JD, Sagar BS. Patil GB, Vambhurkar MA. Bhutkar. Formulation and Evaluation of Novel Herbal Gel by using Lemon grass Oil. Res J Pharma Dosage Forms and Tech. 2019;11(2):67-70.
20. Yadav NP, Rai VK, Mishra N, Sinha P, Bawankule DU, Pal A, Tripathi AK, Chanotiya CS. A Novel Approach for Development and Characterization of Effective Mosquito Repellent Cream Formulation Containing Citronella Oil. BioMed Research Internationa. 2014; 10.1155/2014/786084.
21. Carl AB, Edward RA.Text book of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics.4th rev. ed. W.B Saunders Philadelphia; 2001.
22. Mamillapalli V, Katamaneni M, Tiyyagura VM, Kanajam P, Namagiri AP, Thondepu H, Appikatla B, Devangam B, Khantamneni P. Formulation, Phytochemical, Physical, Biological Evaluation of Polyherbal Vanishing Cream and Face wash. Res J Pharma Dosage Forms and Tech. 2020;12(3):139-149.
23. Pawar PS, Karpe PP, Jadhav P, Alkunte A, Patil SM. Pre-Formulation and Evaluation of Herbo-Mineral Ointment and Cream. Res J Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 2010;1(1):30-32.
24. BhideSS, More BH, Gajare SP, Tembhurne SV. Development of mosquito repellent formulations and evaluation for its activity. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Resea Rch. 2014;3(2):2910-2917.
25. Mittal PK, Sreehari U, Razdan RK, Dash AP, Ansari MA. Efficacy of advanced odomos repellent cream (N, N-diethyl-benzamide) against mosquito vectors. Indian J Med Res. 2011;133:426-30.
26. Pandharbale AR. Bio-Nano Technologically Engineered Mosquito Repellent By Using Agno3- Step Towards Eco-Friendly Malarial Control. Rexjournal. 2007;3(1):41-44.
27. Gaddaguti, V, Rao V, Rao TP. A Potential mosquito repellent compounds of Ocimum species against 3N7H and 3Q8I of Anopheles gambiae. Biotech. 2016;6,26.
28. Aldar S, Deshmukh G. Mosquito Repellent, Prevention is better than cure. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2019; 9(3):193-198.
29. Maia MF, Moore SJ. Plant-based insect repellents: a review of their efficacy, development and testing. Malar J. 2011;10,S11.
30. Tisgratog R, Sanguanpong U, Grieco JP, Ngoen-Kluan R, Chareonviriyaphap T. Plants traditionally used as mosquito repellents and the implication for their use in vector control. Acta Trop. 2016;157:136-44.
31. Lalthazuali, Mathew LN. Mosquito repellent activity of volatile oils from selected aromatic plants. Parasitol Res. 2017;116,821-825.