Author(s): Nidaul Hasanah, Zullies Ikawati, Zainol Akbar Zainal

Email(s): zullies_ikawati@ugm.ac.id

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00627   

Address: Nidaul Hasanah1, Zullies Ikawati2, Zainol Akbar Zainal3
1Master Program of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia.
2Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia.
3Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 14,      Issue - 7,     Year - 2021


ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Smartphone-based education has been proven to indirectly improve clinical outcomes of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients via practical disease management. “Teman Diabetes” is a new smartphone application that helps diabetics better manage their diabetes, and allows collaboration between diabetics, their inner circle, and medical professionals. However, there is still limited evidence about the effectiveness of “Teman Diabetes” on clinical outcomes of diabetic patients, especially type-2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this research is to determine the positive effect of smartphone application-based education “Teman Diabetes” on the clinical outcomes of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. The clinical outcomes measured were HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels. Method: Using a quasi-experimental design, a total of 83 participants were selected by consecutive sampling. Patients in the intervention group (n = 44) received "Teman Diabetes" when they assigned the informed consent form. Furthermore, they received a WhatsApp message containing a different link from the "Artikel" feature on the Teman Diabetes every week from the research team, from the second week to twelfth week. The control group (n = 39) only received standard therapy without any additional interventions. Patients in both groups were followed before and after 3 months (HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels). The statistical test used in this study is Mann-Whitney test for hypotheses and comparison of mean changes between groups; Wilcoxon test for comparison of mean changes between treatments; and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test for the effect of confounding variables. Results: After 3 months, the mean HbA1c reduction was greater in the intervention group by -0.7 ± 0.9% (P<0.001) than in the control group by -0.1 ± 1.1% (P=0.17). Also, the mean fasting plasma glucose reduction was greater in the intervention group by -25.0 ± 71.4mg/dl (P=.02) instead of in the control group by 7.6 ± 72.4mg/dl (P=0.78). It is concluded that smartphone application-based education “Teman Diabetes” give a significant positive effect on clinical outcomes among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. The main features that contributed to the clinical outcome of this study were "Artikel", "Forum", and "Edukasi" feature.


Cite this article:
Nidaul Hasanah, Zullies Ikawati, Zainol Akbar Zainal. The effectiveness of Smartphone application-based education “Teman Diabetes” on clinical outcomes of Type-2 Diabetes mellitus patients. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(7):3625-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00627

Cite(Electronic):
Nidaul Hasanah, Zullies Ikawati, Zainol Akbar Zainal. The effectiveness of Smartphone application-based education “Teman Diabetes” on clinical outcomes of Type-2 Diabetes mellitus patients. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(7):3625-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00627   Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2021-14-7-24


REFERENCES:
1.    WHO. Diabetes. Available from: URL: https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes#tab=tab_1.
2.    WHO, Global diffusion of eHealth: Making universal health coverage achievable. Report of the third global survey on eHealth. 2016. Available from: URL. https://www.who.int/goe/publications/global_diffusion/en/
3.    ADA. The Role of Telehealth in an Evolving Health Care Environment : Workshop Summary. 2012 [cited 2020 July 1st]; Available from: URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207145/#!po=16.6667.
4.    Glassroth, H., American Telemedicine Association Advocacy Initiatives Result in New Medicare Coverage for Chronic Condition Monitoring. American Telemedicine Association, 2017. Available from: URL: https://www.americantelemed.org/press-releases/american-telemedicine-association-advocacy-initiatives-result-in-new-medicare-coverage-for-chronic-condition-monitoring/
5.    Guesehat.com. Mudahnya mengelola Diabetes Melalui Aplikasi Teman Diabetes. 2020 [cited 2020 July 1st]; Available from: https://www.guesehat.com/mudahnya-mengelola-diabetes-melalui-aplikasi-teman-diabetes.
6.    Indonesia, K.K.R., Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2018. Available from: URL: http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf
7.    Violet Jayamani, Premila Lee, Greeda Alexander, Jasmin Helan Prasad, Vijayaprasad Gopichandran, Ruby Angeline Pricilla, Solomon Christopher, Diet and Physical Activity among Women in Urban and Rural Areas in South India – a Community based Comparative Survey. Asian J. Nursing Edu. and Research, 2013; 3(4): 211-219.
8.    Carole A. Chrvalaa, Dawn Sherr., Ruth D. Lipman, Diabetes self-management education for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of the effect on glycemic control. Patient Education and Counseling, 2016; 99(6): 926-43.
9.    Kerstin Kempf, Bernd Altpeter., Janine Berger, Olier Reuβ, Matthias Fuchs, Michael Schneider, Babette Gartner, Katja Niedermeier and Stephan Martin, Efficacy of the Telemedical Lifestyle intervention Program TeLiPro in Advanced Stages of Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care, 2017. 40(7): 863-871.
10.    Corey Lyon, Hannah Fields, Shannon Langner and Kristen De Santo, Diabetes Education and Glycemic Control American Family Physician, 2018. 97(4): 269-270.
11.    Can Hou, Ben Carter, Jonathan Hewitt, Trevor Francisa and Sharon Mayor, Do Mobile Phone Applications Improve Glycemic Control (HbA1c) in the Self-management of Diabetes? A Systeatic Review, Meta-analysis, and GRADE of 14 Randomized Trials. Diabetes Care, 2016. 39(11): 2089-2095. DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0346.
12.    Amanda M. Bell, Stephanie J. Fonda, M. Susan Walker, Virginia Schmidt, Robert A. Vigersky, Mobile Phone-Based Video Messages for Diabetes Self-Care Support. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 2012; 6(2): 310-319.
13.    temandiabetes.com. Aplikasi untuk Diabetesi Indonesia. 2020 [cited 2020 July 1st]; Available from: https://temandiabetes.com/.
14.    Lizzie Raveendran, J.M.D., Prakash M.Saldanha, Impact of Perceived Self Efficacy on Hba1c among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2014; 2(4): 319-323.
15.    Rebekah J. Walker, Mulugeta Gebregziabher, Bonnie Martin-Harris, Leonard E. Egede. Independent effects of socioeconomic and psychological social determinants of health on self-care and outcomes in Type 2 diabetes. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2014; 36(6): p. 662-8.
16.    Jyoti Bhardwaj, Rashmi Choudhary, Poonam Sharma. A comparative study on quality of life among type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus clients at selected hospitals of district Mohali, Punjab. Asian J. Nursing Edu. and Research. 2018; 8(1): p. 152-158.
17.    Geetha. V, Sahu Shrimant K, Susila C. Assess Quality of Life (QOL) and Glycemic Level among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Global Hospital and Research Centre and its Units, Sirohi, Rajasthan. Asian J. Nursing Edu. and Research. 2017; 7(4): 577-582. DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996-2017.00112.4
18.    Santhosh Kumar V, Praveen D. Sugar and Chronic Disease. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2016; 9(6): p. 650-654. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2016.00123.2
19.    Hubert Kolb and Stephan Martin, Environmental/lifestyle factors in the pathogenesis and prevention of type 2 diabetes. BMC Med, 2017; 15(1): p. 131. DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0901-x
20.    Thressia. P.A., Rajeev Kumar N. Effect of Sleep Duration on Obesity and the Glycemic level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2014; 4(4): p. 502-5027.
21.    Karthikeson P.S, Gayathri. R, Vishnu Priya.V. Awareness of Stress Related Blood Pressure in Society. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2016; 9(8): p. 1488-1492. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X-2016.00289.4
22.    Sindhu L, Jaya Kumar B, Effectiveness of Educational Intervention on Body Mass Index (BMI) of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in South Indian Population. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2018; 8(3): p. 434-436. DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2018.00088.5
23.    Yoriko Hara, Mizuho Hisatomi, Hisao Ito, Motoyuki Nakao, Koji Tsuboi, and Yoko Ishihara. Effects of gender, age, family support, and treatment on perceived stress and coping of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biopsychosoc Med. 2014; 8:p. 16. DOI: 10.1186/1751-0759-8-16
24.    S. Preethikaa, M. P. Brundha, Awareness of Diabetes Mellitus among General Population. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2018; 11(5): p. 1825-1829. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00339.6
25.    M. J. Fernandez-Silva, A. Alonso-Gonzalez, E. Gonzalez-Perez, J. J. Gestal-Otero, G. J. Diaz-Gravalos. Health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study using the HLS-EU-Q47 questionnaire. Semergen. 2019; 45(1): p. 30-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2018.08.003
26.    Jeeva S., Molly Babu. Knowledge of Diabetic Clients Regarding Self-care Practices in Management of type II Diabetes Mellitus at selected Rural Community of Bangalore, Karnataka. Asian J. Nursing Edu. and Research. 2017; 7(1): p. 86-94. DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2017.00018.0
27.    Sinha Nitin, HbA1c and factors other than diabetes mellitus affecting it. Singapore Med J. 2010; 51(8): p. 616-622.
28.    Vaddi Mounika, S. Sarumathy, J. Anisha Ebens, T. S. Shanmugarajan, A prospective study on incidence of Anaemia in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2017; 10(1): 11-14. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00003.8

Recomonded Articles:

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology (RJPT) is an international, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal.... Read more >>>

RNI: CHHENG00387/33/1/2008-TC                     
DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X 

1.3
2021CiteScore
 
56th percentile
Powered by  Scopus


SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Journal Policies & Information


Recent Articles




Tags


Not Available