Author(s):
Lim Ruo Xin, Melbha Starlin Chellathurai, Palanirajan Vijayaraj Kumar, Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla, Teo Swee Sen
Email(s):
melbha.starlin@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00981 
Address:
Lim Ruo Xin1, Melbha Starlin Chellathurai1*, Palanirajan Vijayaraj Kumar1, Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla1, Teo Swee Sen2
1UCSI University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jalan Menara Gading, Kuala Lumpur – 56000.
2UCSI University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Jalan Menara Gading, Kuala Lumpur – 56000.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 15,
Issue - 12,
Year - 2022
ABSTRACT:
Objectives: The objective of the research was to prepare and evaluate the cosmetic gel containing SLNs of Kappaphycus alvarezii chloroform extract to localize the extract topically to exert its antimicrobial properties. Methodology: The antimicrobial activity evaluation for the chloroform, methanol, and aqueous K. alvarezii extracts were carried out using disc-diffusion agar plate method. The extract with maximum antimicrobial action was selected for the preparation of SLNs. Pre-formulation studies using ATR-FTIR spectrophotometer was carried out to check the compatibility of the extract with excipients in the range of 400–4000 cm-1.The SLNs were prepared by the film hydration technique with ultrasonication. The dried SLNs were evaluated for its physical characteristics, zeta potential and for the duration taken to release the encapsulated extract for the antimicrobial action. Carbopol and HPMC were chosen as the gelling agent after compatibility studies with nanoparticle dispersions.The extract loaded SLNs based gel was analysed for its pH, visual appearance, and in-vitro drug release. Results: Chloroform extract of K. alvarezii (120µg) showed maximum antimicrobial activity with cloudy and blurry zone of inhibition. The zone of inhibition was smaller for SLNs when compared to the extract. This was due to the low diffusion of encapsulated drug through the outer lipid layer of SLNs. SLNs showed a zeta potential ranging between –11.0 to –37.4mV. The formulated gel containing solid lipid nanoparticles of chloroform extract of K. alvarezii had an average pH value of 5.37, which was suitable to be used on human skin. The maximum drug release was 60.28% for over a period of 25 hours. Conclusion: In this study algal extracts were successfully encapsulated within the SLNs and when applied topically the SLNs could reside on the surface of the skin for localized action as evident from the drug release study.The zeta potential obtained for the SLNs was approximately within the limit of –30mV that yields a formulation with fairly good physical stability.
Cite this article:
Lim Ruo Xin, Melbha Starlin Chellathurai, Palanirajan Vijayaraj Kumar, Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla, Teo Swee Sen. Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles containing Kappaphycus alvarezii Extract in A Cosmetic Gel. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2022; 15(12):5812-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00981
Cite(Electronic):
Lim Ruo Xin, Melbha Starlin Chellathurai, Palanirajan Vijayaraj Kumar, Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla, Teo Swee Sen. Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles containing Kappaphycus alvarezii Extract in A Cosmetic Gel. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2022; 15(12):5812-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00981 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2022-15-12-75
REFERENCES:
1. Siah, W. M., Aminah, A. and Ishak, A. Edible films from seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii). Int. Food Res. J. (2015).
2. Pereira, L., Gheda, S. F. and Ribeiro-Claro, P. J. A. Analysis by Vibrational Spectroscopy of Seaweed Polysaccharides with Potential Use in Food, Pharmaceutical, and Cosmetic Industries. Int. J. Carbohydr. Chem.2013, 1–7 (2013).
3. Yew, Y. P. et al. Green Synthesis of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles Using Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Extract. Nanoscale Res. Lett. (2016) doi:10.1186/s11671-016-1498-2.
4. Sruthi, D. . and Indira, G. A comparative evaluation of maceration, soxhlation and ultra sound assisted extraction for the phytochemical screening of the leaves of Nephelium lappaceum. L. (Sapindaceae) . J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. (2016).
5. Gaspar, D. P. et al. Microencapsulated SLN: An innovative strategy for pulmonary protein delivery. Int. J. Pharm.516, 231–246 (2017).
6. Thorat, Y. S., Shirure, P. D. and Hosmani, A. H. Formulation of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (L.) Extract. In-vitro88, 21–99 (2021).
7. Sachin, J. and Vishal Gupta, N. Solid lipid nanoparticles - Preparation, applications, characterization, uses in various cancer therapies: A review. Res. J. Pharm. Technol.6, 825–837 (2013).
8. Sharma, D., Soni, M., Kumar, S. and Gupta, G. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology vol. 2 220–224 (2020).
9. Pandurangan, D., Bodagala, P., Palanirajan, V. and Govindaraj, S. Formulation and evaluation of voriconazole ophthalmic solid lipid nanoparticles in situ gel. Int. J. Pharm. Investig. (2016) doi:10.4103/2230-973x.176488.
10. Yadav, N., Khatak, S. and Singh Sara, U. V. Solid lipid nanoparticles- A review. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics (2013) doi:10.9790/3013-26103444.
11. Ashok, P., Meyyanathan, S. ., Vadivelan, R. and Jawahar, N. Nanosuspensions by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles method for the Formulation and In vitro/in vivo, characterization of Nifedipine. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci.11, 1–6 (2021).
12. Harshitha, V., Swamy, M. V., Kumar, D. P., Rani, K. S. and Trinath, A. Nanoemulgel: A Process Promising in Drug Delivery System. Res. J. Pharm. Dos. Forms Technol.12, 125 (2020).
13. Zuliani, C., Matzeu, G. and Diamond, D. A potentiometric disposable sensor strip for measuring pH in saliva. Electrochim. Acta (2014) doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.140.
14. Wake, P. S. and Kshirsagar, M. D. Design and Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Based Transdermal Drug Delivery System. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci.7, 87 (2017).
15. Clogston, J. D. and Patri, A. K. Zeta potential measurement. Methods Mol. Biol. (2011) doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-198-1_6.
16. Kumar, V., Verma, A. K. and Yadav, D. C. A review on solid lipid nano particles (SLNS). Res. J. Pharm. Technol.12, 5605–5613 (2019).
17. Antibacterial activity of seaweed (Kappaphycus) extracts against infectious pathogens. African J. Biotechnol. (2013) doi:10.5897/AJB12.2307.
18. Prabha, V., Prakash, D. J. and Sudha, P. N. Analysis of bioactive compounds an antimicrobial activity of marine algae Kappaphycus alvarezii. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. (2013).
19. Silva-Buzanello, R. A. Da et al. Validation of an Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) technique for the quantitative determination of curcumin in poly(l-lactic acid) nanoparticles. Food Chem.172, 99–104 (2015).
20. Tomaszewska, E. et al. Detection limits of DLS and UV-Vis spectroscopy in characterization of polydisperse nanoparticles colloids. J. Nanomater. (2013) doi:10.1155/2013/313081.
21. Nieradko-Iwanicka, B., Chrobok, K., Skolarczyk, J. and Pekar, J. What is the pH, Fe and Cl2 content of cosmetics we use? – a pilot study on safety of skin care products. Polish J. Public Heal. (2018) doi:10.1515/pjph-2017-0017.
22. Shah, R., Eldridge, D., Palombo, E. and Harding, I. Optimisation and stability assessment of solid lipid nanoparticles using particle size and zeta potential. J. Phys. Sci. (2014).
23. Lv, Y. et al. Visual validation of the measurement of entrapment efficiency of drug nanocarriers. Int. J. Pharm. (2018) doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.025.
24. Gaur, P. K., Mishra, S., Bajpai, M. and Mishra, A. Enhanced oral bioavailability of Efavirenz by solid lipid nanoparticles: In vitro drug release and pharmacokinetics studies. Biomed Res. Int. (2014) doi:10.1155/2014/363404.