Author(s):
Mercy Macwan, Bhupendra Prajapati
Email(s):
bhupen27@gmail.com , mac6741mercy@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00378 
Address:
Mercy Macwan1, Bhupendra Prajapati2*
1Research Scholar, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, Gujrat, India.
2Professor, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, Gujrat, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 15,
Issue - 5,
Year - 2022
ABSTRACT:
Antifungal agents of the echinocandin family act on the fungal cell wall by inhibition of synthesis of ß (1, 3)-D-glucan. Currently no market formulation is available for ocular delivery of new antifungal agents from the echinocandin family. Further, currently available eye drops in market have the limitations due to high lacrimal drainage and low corneal permeability. The aim of the present work is to optimize and characterize nanoemulsion of an antifungal agent form echinocandin family for ocular delivery. Nanoemulsion was prepared using high shear homogenization followed by high pressure homogenizer. Solubility studies were carried out to identify suitable oil and surfactant. A three level three factor Box-Behnken design was used to optimize nanoemulsion. Prepared formulation was characterized for globule size, zeta potential, polydispersity index and in vitro drug release study by dialysis method using bottle apparatus. Eye irritation study was carried out by Hen’s egg chorioallantoic Membrane test. Stability study of the prepared formulation was performed as per ICH guidelines. Prepared nanoemulsion is transparent with a blue tinge. Optimized batch of nanoemulsion showed average globule size of 108.5 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.108. The results of in vitro drug release study suggest more than 90% drug release over a period of 24 h. Developed formulation was found to be non-irritant and stable when stored at 40°C and can be used for ophthalmic delivery.
Cite this article:
Mercy Macwan, Bhupendra Prajapati. Development, Optimization and Characterization of Ocular Nanoemulsion of an Antifungal Agent using Design of Experiments. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(5):2273-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00378
Cite(Electronic):
Mercy Macwan, Bhupendra Prajapati. Development, Optimization and Characterization of Ocular Nanoemulsion of an Antifungal Agent using Design of Experiments. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(5):2273-8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00378 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2022-15-5-60
REFERENCES:
1. Asmawi, A. A., Salim, N., Ngan, C. L., Ahmad, H., Abdulmalek, E., Masarudin, M. J. Research (2019). Excipient selection and aerodynamic characterization of nebulized lipid-based nanoemulsion loaded with docetaxel for lung cancer treatment. 9(2), 543-554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-018-0526-4
2. Boga, C., Bolaman, A. Z., Çağirgan, S., Karadoğan, İ., Özcan, M. A., Özkalemkaş, F. Akan, H. J. T. J. o. H. (2015). Recommendations for risk categorization and prophylaxis of invasive fungal diseases in hematological malignancies: a critical review of evidence and expert opinion (TEO-4). 32(2), 100-117. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjh.2014.0277
3. Chen, H., Hu, X., Chen, E., Wu, S., McClements, D. J., Liu, S. Li, Y. J. F. H. (2016). Preparation, characterization, and properties of chitosan films with cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsions. 61, 662-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.06.034
4. Clark, A. F., and Yorio, T. J. N. R. D. D. (2003). Ophthalmic drug discovery. 2(6), 448-459. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd1106
5. Das, B., Chattopadhyay, D., and Rana, D. J. B. S. (2020). The gamut of perspectives, challenges, and recent trends for in situ hydrogels: A smart ophthalmic drug delivery vehicle. 8(17), 4665-4691. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0BM00532K
6. Deresinski, S. C., and Stevens, D. A. J. C. I. D. (2003). Caspofungin. 1445-1457. https://doi.org/10.1086/375080
7. Joshi, H., Shelat, P., Dave, D. J. R. J. o. P. and Technology. (2020). Optimization and characterization of lipid based nano emulsion of prednisolone acetate for ophthalmic drug delivery. 13(9), 4139-4147. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00731.3
8. Kotta, S., Khan, A. W., Pramod, K., Ansari, S. H., Sharma, R. K., & Ali, J. J. E. o. o. d. d. (2012). Exploring oral nanoemulsions for bioavailability enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs. 9(5), 585-598. https://doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2012.668523
9. Lichtenstern, C., Pratschke, J., Schulz, U., Schmoeckel, M., Knitsch, W., Kaskel, P. Winkler, M. J. D. A. (2010). Caspofungin nach Transplantation solider Organe in Deutschland. 59(12), 1083-1090. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.13014
10. Marchiori, C. (2014). Developments of HPLC-UV methods for the determination of anidulafungin or caspofungin in plasma of intensive care unit patients. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/49.5.397
11. Patel, H. K., Barot, B. S., Parejiya, P. B., Shelat, P. K., Shukla, A. J. C., and Biointerfaces, S. B. (2013). Topical delivery of clobetasol propionate loaded microemulsion based gel for effective treatment of vitiligo: ex vivo permeation and skin irritation studies. 102, 86-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.08.011
12. Quilès, F., Accoceberry, I., Couzigou, C., Francius, G., Noël, T., and El-Kirat-Chatel, S. J. N. (2017). AFM combined to ATR-FTIR reveals Candida cell wall changes under caspofungin treatment. 9(36), 13731-13738. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr02170d
13. Souto, E., Nayak, A., and Murthy, R. J. D. P.-A. I. J. o. P. S. (2011). Lipid nanoemulsions for anti-cancer drug therapy. 66(7), 473-478. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566523220666201005110726
14. Thakur, A., Walia, M. K., and Kumar, S. J. P. (2013). Nanoemulsion in enhancement of bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs: a review. 4(1), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i4.34925