Author(s):
Prabhulingayya S. Bhixavatimath, Akram Naikawadi, Yasmeen A. Maniyar, Mallappa Shalavadi, Gurudatta Maher, Vijayakumar Daroj
Email(s):
drprabhusb@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00661
Address:
Prabhulingayya S. Bhixavatimath1*, Akram Naikawadi2, Yasmeen A. Maniyar3, Mallappa Shalavadi4, Gurudatta Maher1, Vijayakumar Daroj5
1Research Scholar, Dept of Pharmacology, BLDE (Deemed To Be) University, Vijayapura, Karnataka.
2Prof and Head, Dept of Pharmacology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, BLDE (Deemed To Be) University Vijayapur - 586103 Karnataka.
3Prof and Head, Dept of Pharmacology, S. N. Medical College and HSK Hospital and Research Center,
Bagalkot - 587102 Karnataka.
4Assist Prof, Dept of Pharmacology, HSK College of Pharmacy, Bagalkot - 587101, Karnataka.
5Prof and Principal, Cauvery College of Pharmacy, Devegouda Circle, Mysore - 570028, Karnataka.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 15,
Issue - 9,
Year - 2022
ABSTRACT:
Background: The study of free radicals nowadays have become more attention as these are evoked continuously due to hazardous environmental conditions and food habits. Endogenously free radicals are introduced in our body due to exposure to different physiochemical conditions or some pathological states by various mechanisms. Oxidative stress occurs due to exposure of excess free radicals to body. Antioxidants act as a major defence against the free radical-mediated injury by scavenging them. Majority of the flavonoids found in plant products are known as antioxidants as they selectively scavenge the free radicals. Methods: Synthetic flavones (VMF41, VMF 43, VMF 45 and VMF 46) having different side chains on the: 3-hydroxy-2- (5-methyl, 7-methyl, 6-methyl, and 7--methoxy) 2- thiophen-4H-chromen-4-one structure were examined for free radical scavenging potential over nitric oxide, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals by using appropriate in-vitro assay methods. Results and Discussion: Overall, with few exceptions, all the synthetic flavonoids (SFs) exhibited moderate free radical scavenging activity as compared to the standard drug. The test samples in the study showed dose dependant activity of scavenging activity. In nitric oxide radial scavenging activity, test flavonoids VMF 45 and VMF 46 exhibited significant scavenging activity at 50- 100µg/ml concentrations. The SFs VMF 43 and VMF 46 showed a good scavenging activity for hydroxyl, nitric oxide radicals and compounds VMF41, and VMF 43 showed significant scavenging activity at 50 µg/ml to 100µg/ml concentrations for superoxide radicals. However all the SFs at 10µg/ml concentration showed the low or poor radical scavenging activity. Conclusion: It is clear that these synthetic flavonoids (SFs) can be considered as potential antioxidant agents, however needs to be further tested at in vivo experiment to consider them as a lead antioxidant drug candidates.
Cite this article:
Prabhulingayya S. Bhixavatimath, Akram Naikawadi, Yasmeen A. Maniyar, Mallappa Shalavadi, Gurudatta Maher, Vijayakumar Daroj. An In vitro Evaluation of Potential Free Radical Scavenging Antioxidant activity of selected Novel Synthetic Flavones. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(9):3947-1. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00661
Cite(Electronic):
Prabhulingayya S. Bhixavatimath, Akram Naikawadi, Yasmeen A. Maniyar, Mallappa Shalavadi, Gurudatta Maher, Vijayakumar Daroj. An In vitro Evaluation of Potential Free Radical Scavenging Antioxidant activity of selected Novel Synthetic Flavones. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(9):3947-1. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00661 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2022-15-9-21
REFERENCES:
1. Khan F, Garg VK, Singh AK, et al. Role of free radicals and certain antioxidants in the management of huntington’s disease: a review. J Anal Pharm Res. 2018; 7(4):386-392.
2. Pacher P, Beckman JS, Liaudet L. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2007;87(1):315-424.
3. Mrunali Potbhare, Deepak Khobragade. In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Ayurvedic Preparations Lauha Bhasma and Mandura Bhasma Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2017; 7(2): 63-66. doi: 10.5958/2231-5691.2017.00011.9
4. Cross CE, Valacchi G, Schock B et al. Environmental oxidant pollutant effects on biologic systems: a focus on micronutrient antioxidant-oxidant interactions. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;166(1):S44–S50
5. Poljšak B, Fink R. The protective role of antioxidants in the defence against ROS/RNS-mediated environmental pollution. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:671539. doi:10.1155/2014/671539.
6. Yamagishi S, Matsui T. Nitric oxide, a Janus-faced therapeutic target for diabetic microangiopathy-Friend or foe? Pharmacological Research. 2011; 64: 187-194.
7. Devasagayam TPA, Tilak JC, Boloor KK et al. Review: Free radical and antioxidants in human health. Current Status and Future Prospects. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India.2004; 53: 794-804.
8. Selvakumar K., Madhan R., Srinivasan G., Baskar V. Antioxidant Assays in Pharmacological Research. Asian J. Pharm. Tech. Oct. - Dec. 2011; 1(4): 99-103.
9. Muthukumaran P., Abirami C., Priyatharsini. Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity Azima tetracantha lam. Research J. Pharma. Dosage Forms and Tech. 2013; 5(6): 315-319
10. Ankush G, Radhika M, Pooja C, Shubhini A. S. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Novel 5-Substituted Arylidene-3-Substituted-Benzyl-Thiazolidine-2, 4-Diones. Asian J. Research Chem. July- Sept. 2010; 3(3): 528-530.
11. Santos CMM, Silva AMS. The Antioxidant Activity of Prenylflavonoids. Molecules. 2020; 25(3):696. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030696
12. Chen, X.; Mukwaya, E.;Wong, M.-S.; Zhang, Y. A systematic review on biological activities of prenylated flavonoids. Pharm. Biol. 2014; 52: 655–660
13. Vijay Kumar D. Synthesis of some aryl and heteroaryl substituted γ-benzopyrones of biological interest. Ph. D. Thesis, Manipal University Manipal, Karnataka India. 2010.
14. Sun J, Zhang X, Broderick M, Fein H. Measurement of nitric oxide production in biological systems by using Griess reaction assay. Sensors. 2003; 3:276–284.
15. Klein, S. M., Cohen, G. and Cederbaum, A. I. Production of formaldehyde during metabolism of dimethyl sulphoxide by hydroxyl radical generating system. Biochemistry. 1981; 20: 6006-6012
16. Fontana M, Mosca L, Rosei MA. Interaction of enkephalines with oxyradicals. Biochem Pharmacol. 2001;61:1253–1257.
17. Speakman JR, Selman C. The free-radical damage theory: accumulating evidence against a simple link of oxidative stress to ageing and lifespan. BioEssays 2011;33(4), 255–259 .
18. Afnan E. Abd-Almonuim, Shaimaa M. Mohammed , Ihab I. Al-Khalifa. Preparation, Characterization and Antioxidant Determination of Coumarin Substituted Heterocyclic Compound. Asian J. Research Chem. 2020; 13(1): 23-27. doi: 10.5958/0974-4150.2020.00006.1
19. Jayashree B. S, Alam Afroze, Nayak Yogendra, Vijaykumar D. Synthesis of 3-methylflavones and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Med Chem Res 2012 ; 21:1991–1996
20. Malarkodi Velraj, Mahendra Singh, V. Ravichandiran, S. Jayakumari, A. Vijayalakshmi, Sanjay Ragela. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Scindapsus officinalis Fruits. Research J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2010; 2(4): 280-283.
21. Patel Rajesh M. and Patel Natvar J. In vitro antioxidant activity of coumarin compounds by DPPH, Super oxide and nitric oxide free radical scavenging methods. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education and Research. 2011;1:52-68
22. .Nowakowska Z A review of anti-infective and anti-inflammatory chalcones. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2007; 42:125-137
23. Milan C., Maja M., Bojan S., Has-Schon E., Valentina R. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of some new coumarinyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-ones. Molecules. 2010; 15:6795- 6809.
24. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC and Aruoma OI. The deoxyribose method: simple ‘‘test-tube’’ assay for determination of rate constants for reactions of hydroxyl radicals. Anal. Biochem 1987; 16: 215–219.
25. Hardik Joshi, Manoj Pagare, Leena Patil, Vilasrao Kadam. In–Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Buchanania Lanzan Spreng. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. June 2011; 4(6): 920-924.
26. Becana M and Klucas RV. Transition metals in legume root nodules; iron-dependent free radical production increases during nodule senescence. Proc. Nat. Academy Sci. USA. 1992; 8: 8958–8962.
27. Korycka-Dahl M, Richardson T. Photogeneration of superoxide anion in serum of bovine milk and in model systems containing riboflavin and amino acids. J Dairy Sci. 1978; 61:400–407.
28. Jiby Elias, Rajesh M.G., Anish N.P., Shalu Sunny, Jayan N.. Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Phytochemical Profiling of Acalypha indica Linn. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. Oct.-Dec.2010; 3 (4): 1231-1234
29. Robak J, Gryglewski IR. Flavonoids are scavengers of superoxide anions. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988;37:837–841.
30. Wang W.K, Park H.S, Ham I., Oh M, Namkoong H, Kim H.K, Hwang D.W, Hur, S.Y, Kim T.E, Park Y.G, Kim J.R, Kim J.W. Natural compounds, fraxin and chemically structurally related to fraxin protect cells from oxidative stress. Exp. Mol. Med. 2005; 37: 436–446