ABSTRACT:
Plants from the genus Ocimum belonging to the family Lamiaceae (Ordo Lamiales), also known as tulsi, are widely distributed in tropical, subtropical, and warm climates throughout the world, and are among the types of medicinally effective herbal plants. Tulsi is referred to as the "Herbal Queen" because of its reputation for producing aromatic oils. In India, this plant is primarily grown at home for religious purposes and temple offerings. In traditional Indian medicine, plants of the genus Ocimum are widely employed. The tulsi plant is not commonly used as an alternative to herbal medicine in Bali, and there is a dearth of literature describing its chemical constituents and secondary metabolites. In addition, the secondary metabolites of tulsi plants growing in India and Bali are influenced by the distinct geographical conditions of their respective growing environments. This study intends to evaluate the secondary metabolite chemicals and biological aspects of Bali-grown tulsi plants. Synthesis of simplicia, followed by maseration, evaporation, and GC-MS analysis, is used to evaluate the chemical structure of secondary metabolites in tulsi extract.In this study, ethanol (polar) and chloroform (semi-polar) were employed to isolate secondary metabolites with varying degrees of polarity. Chloroform solvent successfully isolated secondary metabolites at high concentrations, including Eugenol, Copaene, Cyclohexane, Caryophyllene, Humulene, Germacrene D, Naphthalene, Caryophyllene oxide, Phthalic acid, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, Dibutyl phthalate, and Caryophyllene oxide (linolenic acid). While the ethanol extract could only isolate Eugenol, Alpha-Copaene, Cyclohexane, Caryophyllene, Germacrene D, and N-Desmethyltapentol. The potential biological effects as natural antibacterial and antifungal agents of the identified compounds in both extracts are highlighted. Our findings support the use of both extracts to treat comparable medical conditions, including bacterial and fungal infections, as supported by empirical evidence. Due to their antiseptic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, cardioprotective, and antioxidant properties, numerous secondary metabolites in these two forms of tulsi extract have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents.