Author(s):
Maha Subih, Rasmieh Al-Amer, Muayyad Ahmad, Rami A. Elshatarat, Wesam T. Almagharbeh, Hekmat Y. Al-Akash, Khaled M. Al-Sayaghi, Dena Eltabey Sobeh, Mudathir M. Eltayeb, Zyad T. Saleh
Email(s):
m.mohamedahmed@psau.edu.sa
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00001 
Address:
Maha Subih1, Rasmieh Al-Amer2, Muayyad Ahmad3, Rami A. Elshatarat4, Wesam T. Almagharbeh5, Hekmat Y. Al-Akash6, Khaled M. Al-Sayaghi4,7, Dena Eltabey Sobeh8, Mudathir M. Eltayeb8*, Zyad T. Saleh, PhD, RN3,9
1School of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman-Jordan.
2Faculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
3Clinical Nursing Department, School of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
4Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
5Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
6Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
7Nursing Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
8Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia.
9Department of Nursing, Vision College, Riyadh,
Published In:
Volume - 18,
Issue - 1,
Year - 2025
ABSTRACT:
Objectives: This study investigated the factors influencing Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses' use of physical restraints. These factors included the nurses' knowledge, attitudes towards restraints, and their work environment. Methodology: Researchers employed a descriptive predictive design. They recruited a convenience sample of 145 ICU nurses working across various healthcare institutions. Data collection occurred through an online survey using Google Forms. The survey assessed nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to physical restraints, along with demographic and work-related information. Findings: The study revealed that nurses had a low mean level of knowledge regarding physical restraint use (average score: 3.3 out of 11). Their attitudes were moderately positive (average score: 29.4 out of 48). Interestingly, the reported use of physical restraints was relatively high (average score: 32.5 out of 42). The analysis identified several factors influencing the use of restraints: knowledge, attitudes, experience, shift worked, and weekly work hours. Together, these factors explained 34% of the variation in physical restraint practices among the nurses. Conclusion: The study highlighted a gap in nurses' knowledge about proper physical restraint use. Additionally, nurses with more experience, longer workweeks, and experience on different shifts reported a higher frequency of using physical restraints. These findings suggest a need for ongoing educational programs to equip nurses with best practices for physical restraint use in ICU settings.
Cite this article:
Maha Subih, Rasmieh Al-Amer, Muayyad Ahmad, Rami A. Elshatarat, Wesam T. Almagharbeh, Hekmat Y. Al-Akash, Khaled M. Al-Sayaghi, Dena Eltabey Sobeh, Mudathir M. Eltayeb, Zyad T. Saleh. Exploring Influential Factors on Nurses' Physical Restraint Practices: Perspectives from Critical Care Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Experiences. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(1):1-7. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00001
Cite(Electronic):
Maha Subih, Rasmieh Al-Amer, Muayyad Ahmad, Rami A. Elshatarat, Wesam T. Almagharbeh, Hekmat Y. Al-Akash, Khaled M. Al-Sayaghi, Dena Eltabey Sobeh, Mudathir M. Eltayeb, Zyad T. Saleh. Exploring Influential Factors on Nurses' Physical Restraint Practices: Perspectives from Critical Care Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Experiences. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(1):1-7. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00001 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-18-1-1
REFERENCES:
1. A. E.-S. H. El-sol and R. G. A. Mohmmed. Assessment of nurse’s knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding physical restraints among critical ill patients. Assessment. 2018; 4: 15-22.
2. M. H. Almomani, W. A. Khater, B. a. A. A. L. Qasem, and R. A. Joseph. Nurses' knowledge and practices of physical restraints in intensive care units: An observational study. Nursing Open. 2021; 8: 262-272, doi: 10.1002/nop2.625.
3. E. A. Curtis, C. Comiskey, and O. Dempsey. Importance and use of correlational research. Nurse Researcher. 2016; 23. doi: 10.7748/nr.2016.e1382.
4. H. Ahmad. Nursing student’s experiences in critical care course: A qualitative study. Journal of Intensive and Critical Care. 2015; 1: 2 DOI: 10.21767/2471-8505.10002.
5. T. Al-Khaled, E. Zahran, and A. El-Soussi. Nurses’ related factors influencing the use of physical restraint in critical care units. Journal of American Science. 2011; 7: 13-22.
6. S. H. Abd Elhameed and N. I. Elemam. Nurses knowledge, intention and attitude towards the use of physical restraint in geriatric care. IOSR-JNHS. 2020; 9: 30-8 https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0901063038
7. N. Sujata and J. Kaur. Knowledge and practice regarding physical retraining among nurses working in selected hospitals of ludhiana, Punjab. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2015; 5: 242-245. DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2015.00047.6.
8. K. Ramya. Patient safety culture in intensive care units. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2017; 7: 509-514. DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2017.00100.8.
9. G. Langley, S. Schmollgruber, and A. Egan. Restraints in intensive care units—a mixed method study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing. 2011; 27: 67-75, doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2010.12.001.
10. N. A. Kandeel and A. K. Attia. Physical restraints practice in adult intensive care units in E gypt. Nursing and Health Sciences. 2013; 15: 79-85, , doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12000.
11. T. Unoki, H. Sakuramoto, A. Ouchi, S. Fujitani, and J. Physicians. Physical restraints in intensive care units: a national questionnaire survey of physical restraint use for critically ill patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation in Japan. Acute Medicine and Surgery. 2019; 6: 68-72. doi: 10.1002/ams2.380.
12. H. Balci and S. Arslan. Nurses' information, attıtude and practices towards use of physical restraint in intensive care units. Journal of Caring Sciences. 2018; 7: 75.
13. N. Pradhan, S. Lama, G. Mandal, and E. Shrestha. Physical restraining: nurses knowledge and practice in tertiary care hospital of eastern Nepal. Nursing Open, 2019; 6: 1029-1037. DOI: 10.1002/nop2.298
14. F. Birgili and F. İzan. The knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses in relation to the use of physical restraints. International Journal of Health Sciences. 2019; 7: 18-25.
15. X. Li and T. N. Fawcett. Clinical decision making on the use of physical restraint in intensive care units. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2014; 1: 446-450. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2014.09.003.
16. H. Kaya and O. Dogu. Intensive care unit nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and practices related to using physical restraints. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2018; 11: 61-70. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12507.
17. S. Azab and L. A. Negm. Use of physical restraint in intensive care units (ICUs) at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo. Journal of American Science. 2013; 9: 230-240.
18. R. M. Kleinpell. ICU workforce: revisiting nurse staffing. Critical Care Medicine. 2014; 42: 1291-1292 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000202.
19. H. Nasrate, A. Shamlawi, and M. W. Darawad. Improving ICU nurses’ practices of physical restraints in Jordan: Effect of an educational program. Health. 2017; 9: 1632-1643 DOI: 10.4236/health.2017.912120.
20. M. Suliman, S. Aloush, and K. Al‐Awamreh. Knowledge, attitude and practice of intensive care unit nurses about physical restraint. Nursing in Critical Care. 2017; 22: 264-269.
21. G. Mahran, A. Mahgoup, E. Z. Kamel, and M. M. Ahmad. Effect of 2 enteral feeding schedules on intra-abdominal pressure in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a randomized controlled trial. Critical Care Nurse. 2019; 39: 29-35 doi: 10.4037/ccn2019967.
22. A. I. Khalil, M. A. M. Al Ghamdi, and S. Al Malki. Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward physical restraint and seclusion in an inpatients’ psychiatric ward. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health. 2017; 10: 447-467 doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2017.1329330
23. L. K. Suen, C. Lai, T. Wong, S. Chow, S. Kong, J. Ho, et al. Use of physical restraints in rehabilitation settings: staff knowledge, attitudes and predictors. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2006; 55: 20-28 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03883.x.