Author(s):
Mrinal Sharma, Payal Mittal, Pradeep Goyal
Email(s):
payal.talk2@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00864 
Address:
Mrinal Sharma1, Payal Mittal1*, Pradeep Goyal2
1University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab-140413, India.
2Saraswati College of Pharmacy, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab-140413, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 18,
Issue - 12,
Year - 2025
ABSTRACT:
Many plants from ancient times were used for various medicinal purposes due to their complex chemical composition. In India and all over the world there is a large number of herbal plants used in different medicinal uses and still in research of their pharmacological activities. So many herbal plants are still in medicinal use or research for their chemical composition for their existing medicinal uses. The Ziziphus genus has been in this field for many years and Ziziphus Jujube Mill., Rhamnaceae, is recognized as one of the most important species of the genus. This present review article is focused on all the aspects in which we can utilize this important plant to treat many diseases. This review highlights different ethnopharmacological, and pharmacological aspects of the plant Ziziphus Jujube Mill. It provides knowledge of literature about the plant’s medicinal purposes from ancient times to work on the medicinal field. Ziziphus jujube provides a compelling avenue for future medical development, underscoring the continuous need for scientific research and dispassionate judgment. Ziziphus jujube various parts consist of various chemical constituents that might be used to cure different diseases and open up new research areas in the future.
Cite this article:
Mrinal Sharma, Payal Mittal, Pradeep Goyal. Investigating the Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical Composition, and Pharmacological Effects of the Medicinally Significant Plant: Ziziphus jujube Mill. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(12):5981-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00864
Cite(Electronic):
Mrinal Sharma, Payal Mittal, Pradeep Goyal. Investigating the Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical Composition, and Pharmacological Effects of the Medicinally Significant Plant: Ziziphus jujube Mill. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2025;18(12):5981-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00864 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-18-12-54
REFERENCES:
1. Yang B, Yang H, Chen F, Hua Y, Jiang Y. Phytochemical analyses of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa seed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analyst. 2013; 138(22): 6881. doi:10.1039/c3an01478a
2. Mm A, Am M, Ia U, Da A, I J. Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of the Pulp Extract and Fractions of Ziziphus mauritiana. Biochem Anal Biochem. 2017; 7(2). doi:10.4172/2161-1009.1000352
3. Mahajan RT, Chopda MZ. Phyto-Pharmacology of Ziziphus jujuba Mill – A Plant Review. Phcog Rev. 2009; 3(6): 320-329. doi:10.3390/molecules24244528
4. Outlaw WH, Zhang Jr Shuqiu, Riddle KA, Womble AK, Anderson LC, Outlaw WM. The Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), a Multipurpose Plant. Springer on behalf of New York Botanical Garden Press. 2016; 56(2): 198-206. Accessed February 17, 2016. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4256553
5. Shady NH, Soltane R, Maher SA, et al. Wound Healing and Antioxidant Capabilities of Zizyphus mauritiana Fruits: In-Vitro, In-Vivo, and Molecular Modeling Study. Plants. 2022; 11(11): 1392. doi:10.3390/plants11111392
6. Miri SM. Cultivation, chemical compositions and health benefits of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). In: MPSID 2018; 2018. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327703756
7. Rodríguez Villanueva J, Rodríguez Villanueva L. Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology of Ziziphus jujuba Mills: Ziziphus jujuba Mills, a Comprehensive Review. Phytother Res. 2017; 31(3): 347-365. doi:10.1002/ptr.5759
8. Ji X, Peng Q, Yuan Y, Shen J, Xie X, Wang M. Isolation, structures and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.): A review. Food Chemistry. 2017; 227: 349-357. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.074
9. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Serbia, Đurović V, Radenković S, et al. Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Zizyphus Jujuba L. Leaf Extracts. In: Proceedings / 2nd International Symposium on Biotechnology. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy; 2024: 415-422. doi:10.46793/SBT29.53VDJ
10. Wu Z, Zhang S, Liu L, Wang L, Ban Z. The Grade of Dried Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Junzao) Affects Its Quality Attributes, Antioxidant Activity, and Volatile Aroma Components. Foods. 2023; 12(5): 989. doi:10.3390/foods12050989
11. Liao Y, Liu Y, Zhang W, et al. Effects of variable-temperature drying on the qualities and sweet-substance profile of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Junzao. Food Chemistry: X. 2024; 22: 101361. doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101361
12. Huang PH, Chiu CS, Lu WC, Huang RH, Wang CCR, Li PH. Change in chemical composition and enhancement of intestinal microflora of acid hydrolyzed polysaccharides from Zizyphus jujube and Sterculia lychnophora. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2024; 17(3): 105598. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105598
13. Chen J, Tsim KWK. A Review of Edible Jujube, the Ziziphus jujuba Fruit: A Heath Food Supplement for Anemia Prevalence. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11: 593-655. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.593655
14. Goyal M, Gupta VK, Singh N, Sharma M. Carum Carvi-An Updated Review. Indian JPharmBiolRes. 2018; 6(4): 14-24. doi:10.30750/ijpbr.6.4.4
15. Singh N. A Review on Pharmacological Aspects of Achyranthes Aspera. IPCM. 2019;3(4):1-10. doi:10.23880/ipcm-16000188
16. Mayur Bhurat, Mrinal Sharma, Ashish Budhrani, Sanjay Nagdev, Rupal Bhurat, Manish Deshmukh. A Rare Medicinal Herb Remusatia Vivipara. ijrps. 2021; 12(1): 203-207. doi:10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.3979
17. Sharma M. Striga orobanchioides: A Rare parasitic Medicinal Plant. IJPR. 2021; 13(03). doi:10.31838/ijpr/2021.13.03.193
18. Sharma M, Golani P, Bhurat M, et al. Combretum albidum G. Don: An unexplored medicinal plant. J Med Plants Stud. 2021; 9(4): 111-113. doi:10.22271/plants.2021.v9.i4b.1317
19. Konduri MKR, Bogolu VR. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of two medicinal plants, Terminalia chebula and Adhatoda vasica belonging to Bapatla, India. 2015; 8(2): 194. doi:10.5958/0974-360X.2015.00035.9
20. Gao QH, Wu CS, Wang M. The Jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) Fruit: A Review of Current Knowledge of Fruit Composition and Health Benefits. J Agric Food Chem. 2013; 61(14): 3351-3363. doi:10.1021/jf4007032
21. Shi Q, Li X, Zhu D, Jiang J, Li X. Comprehensive analysis of antibacterial and anti-hepatoma activity of metabolites from jujube fruit. Food Bioscience. 2022; 47: 101511. doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101511
22. Zhang H, Jiang L, Ye S, Ye Y, Ren F. Systematic evaluation of antioxidant capacities of the ethanolic extract of different tissues of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) from China. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2010;48(6):1461-1465. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.011
23. Gao QH, Wu CS, Wang M, Xu BN, Du LJ. Effect of Drying of Jujubes (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) on the Contents of Sugars, Organic Acids, α-Tocopherol, β-Carotene, and Phenolic Compounds. J Agric Food Chem. 2012; 60(38): 9642-9648. doi:10.1021/jf3026524
24. Usman A, Sanusi SB, Lawal SM, Musa FM, Auwal HM. Antibacterial and phytochemical screening of Ziziphus jujuba (jujube/magarya) leaf extract in Kaduna Metropolis. dujopas. 2022; 7(4b). doi:10.4314/dujopas.v7i4b.19
25. Zhi Y, Chuanjiang Z, Xinfang Y, et al. Genetic analysis of mixed models of fruit sugar–acid fractions in a cross between jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and wild jujube (Z. acido jujuba). Front Plant Sci. 2023; 14: 1181903. doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1181903
26. Ayoubi R, Foladi MM, Lutfi S, Zhakfar AM. Determination of Phenolic and Flavonoid Content in Ziziphus Jujuba Mill. Fruit Collected from Farah Province, Afghanistan. JNSR. 2024; 2(1): 21-33. doi:10.62810/jnsr.v2i1.27
27. Budak HN. Determination of Changes in Volatile Aroma Components, Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compounds in the Production Process of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Vinegar Produced by Traditional Methods. Fermentation. 2022; 8(11): 606. doi:10.3390/fermentation8110606
28. Bai L, Zhang H, Liu Q, et al. Chemical characterization of the main bioactive constituents from fruits of Ziziphus jujuba. Food Funct. 2016;7(6):2870-2877. doi:10.1039/C6FO00613B
29. Wojdyło A, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Legua P, Hernández F. Phenolic composition, ascorbic acid content, and antioxidant capacity of Spanish jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) fruits. Food Chemistry. 2016; 201: 307-314. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.090
30. Hovanet MV, Ozon EA, Morosan E, Seremet OC, Oprea E. Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Newly Developed Ointment Containing Jujube Leaves Extract. MDPI Life. 2022; 12(12): 1947 (1-21). doi:10.3390/life12121947
31. Malik A, Kuliev ZA, Akhmedov YuA, Vdovin AD, Abdullaev ND. Proanthocyanidins ofZiziphus jujuba. Chem Nat Compd. 1997; 33(2): 165-173. doi:10.1007/BF02291535
32. Sakna ST, Maghraby YR, Abdelfattah MS, Farag MA. Phytochemical diversity and pharmacological effects of triterpenes from genus Ziziphus: a comprehensive review. Phytochem Rev. Published online September 16, 2022. doi:10.1007/s11101-022-09835-y
33. Kang KB, Kim JW, Oh WK, Kim J, Sung SH. Cytotoxic Ceanothane- and Lupane-Type Triterpenoids from the Roots of Ziziphus jujuba. J Nat Prod. 2016; 79(9): 2364-2375. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00525
34. Kundu AB, Barik BR, Mondal DN, Dey AK, Banerji A. Zizyberanalic acid, A pentacyclic triterpenoid of Zizyphus jujuba. Phytochemistry. 1989; 28(11): 3155-3158. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(89)80297-3
35. Plastina P, Bonofiglio D, Vizza D, et al. Identification of bioactive constituents of Ziziphus jujube fruit extracts exerting antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in human breast cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2012; 140(2): 325-332. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.022
36. Huang X, Kojima-Yuasa A, Norikura T, Kennedy DO, Hasuma T, Matsui-Yuasa I. Mechanism of the Anti-Cancer Activity of Zizyphus jujuba in HepG2 Cells. Am J Chin Med. 2007; 35(03): 517-532. doi:10.1142/S0192415X0700503X
37. Choi SH, Ahn JB, Kim HJ, et al. Changes in Free Amino Acid, Protein, and Flavonoid Content in Jujube (Ziziphus jujube) Fruit during Eight Stages of Growth and Antioxidative and Cancer Cell Inhibitory Effects by Extracts. J Agric Food Chem. 2012; 60(41): 10245-10255. doi:10.1021/jf302848u
38. Shirdel Z, Madani H, Mirbadalzadeh R. Investigation into the hypoglycemic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ziziphus Jujuba Leaves on blood glucose and lipids in Alloxan-Induced diabetes in rats. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders. 2009; 8(2): 13-19. https://jdmd.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jdmd/article/view/234
39. Ben Mahmoud K, Wasli H, Ben Mansour R, et al. Antidiabetic, antioxidant and chemical functionalities of Ziziphus jujuba (Mill.) and Moringa oleifera (Lam.) plants using multivariate data treatment. South African Journal of Botany. 2022; 144: 219-228. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2021.08.017
40. Li Y, Hao K, Xie H, Jiang J. The Hypoglycemic Activities and Underlying Mechanisms of Two Saponins‐Rich Components from Fried Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Kernel. Molecular Nutrition Food Res. 2023; 67(12): 2200364. doi:10.1002/mnfr.202200364
41. Elaloui M, Ammari Y, Ghazghazi H, Gorrab AEBO, Laamouri A, Driouich Chaouachi R. Effect on Ziziphus jujuba Mill. fruit powders embedded on physicochemical properties, biological activities, and rheologic quality of cake. Food Science and Nutrition. 2023; 11(6): 2942-2955. doi:10.1002/fsn3.3276
42. Zhang L, Liu P, Li L, et al. Identification and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids Extracted from Xinjiang Jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) Leaves with Ultra-High Pressure Extraction Technology. Molecules. 2018; 24(1): 122. doi:10.3390/molecules24010122
43. Chen J, Yan AL, Lam KYC, et al. A Chemically Standardized Extract of Ziziphus jujuba Fruit (Jujube) Stimulates Expressions of Neurotrophic Factors and Anti-oxidant Enzymes in Cultured Astrocytes: Beneficial Role of Jujube in Cultured Astrocytes. Phytother Res. 2014; 28(11): 1727-1730. doi:10.1002/ptr.5202
44. Hemmati M, Zohoori E, Mehrpour O, et al. ANTI-Atherogenic Potential of Jujube, Saffron And Barberry: Anti-Diabetic and Antioxidant Actions. EXCLI Journal. 2015; (14): 908-915. doi:10.17179/excli2015-232
45. Peng WH, Hsieh MT, Lee YS, Lin YC, Liao J. Anxiolytic effect of seed of Ziziphus jujuba in mouse models of anxiety. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2000; 72(3): 435-441. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00255-5
46. Pethari J, Saxena R. Efficacy of Anti-inflammatory Potential of Hydroethanolic Fruit extract of Ziziphus jujube. South Asian Res J Pharm Sci. 2023; 5(02): 38-41. doi:10.36346/sarjps.2023.v05i02.003
47. Mesaik AM, Poh HW, Bin OY, Elawad I, Alsayed B. In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity of Ziziphus Jujuba Fruit Extract. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018; 6(5): 757-766. doi:10.3889/oamjms.2018.168
48. Rao GHJ, Lakshmi P. Anti Diarrhoeal Activity of Ziziphus Jujuba Leaf Extract In Rats. 2012; 3(1).
49. Fujiwara Y, Hayashida A, Tsurushima K, et al. Triterpenoids Isolated from Zizyphus jujuba Inhibit Foam Cell Formation in Macrophages. J Agric Food Chem. 2011; 59(9): 4544-4552. doi:10.1021/jf200193r
50. Mohebbati R, Bavarsad K, Rahimi M, Rakhshandeh H, Khajavi Rad A, Shafei MN. Protective effects of long-term administration of Ziziphus jujuba fruit extract on cardiovascular responses in L-NAME hypertensive rats. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2018; 8(2): 143-151.
51. Alsayari A, Wahab S. Genus Ziziphus for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; 28(12): 6897-6914. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.076
52. Aafi E, Reza M, Mirabzadeh M. Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Rhamnaceae)): a review on its pharmacological properties and phytochemistry. Tradit Med Res. 2022; 7(4): 38. doi:10.53388/TMR20220905001
53. Mostafa UES, Labban L. The Effect of Zizyphus jujube on Serum Lipid Profile andSome Anthropometric Measurements. Pakistan J of Nutrition. 2013; 12(6): 538-543. doi:10.3923/pjn.2013.538.543
54. Zhu Y, Huang J, Shen T, Yue R. Mechanism of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Fruit in the Appetite Regulation Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Method. Teekaraman Y, ed. Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging. 2022; 2022: 1-12. doi:10.1155/2022/5070086
55. Amir Ali Akbari sedigheh, Shahrahmani N, Mojab F, Mirzai MM, Shahrahmani H. The Effect of Zizyphus Jujuba Fruit Lotion on breast fissure in Breastfeeding women. IJPR. 2018; 17(Special Issue 1). doi:10.22037/ijpr.2018.2215