Author(s):
Risa Ahdyani, Sekar Ayu Pawestri, Dian Mayasari
Email(s):
risaahdyani@umbjm.ac.id
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00634 
Address:
Risa Ahdyani1*, Sekar Ayu Pawestri2, Dian Mayasari3
1Bachelor of Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Indonesia.
2Department of Pharmaceutical, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
3Bachelor of Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 10,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Niacinamide is recognized for its skin-brightening and antiaging properties, however its high hydrophilicity and low molecular weight limit its ability to penetrate the skin effectively. A niacinamide-loaded nanoparticle serum was developed using the ionic gelation method to enhance its dermal delivery. A 2² factorial design in Design Expert 13 software was employed to optimize the formulation, with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and glycerin concentrations as independent variables. The serum was characterized based on physical properties, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and molecular structure. Statistical analysis using ANOVA (p<0.05) determined the significance of each factor, while a one-sample t-test was used to validate the model’s predictive accuracy. The model showed high statistical significance (p<0.0001), indicating a strong correlation between the independent and dependent variables such as viscosity, pH, spreadability, and adhesion. The optimized formulation, consisting of 1% HEC and 5% glycerin, achieved a desirability value of 1.000, indicating an excellent fit to the predicted model and optimal formulation conditions. The optimized formulation demonstrated desirable physicochemical characteristics, including a viscosity of 642.67±11.59 cPs, pH of 4.91± 0.04, spreadability of 6.37±0.08cm, adhesion time of 7.67±0.58 s, particle size of 135.50 nm, PDI of 0.348, Zeta potential of –13.7±7.63mV, and entrapment efficiency of 74.45%. FTIR spectra confirmed the successful incorporation of niacinamide into the nanoparticle serum. No significant difference was observed between the predicted and experimental values (p>0.05), indicating good model accuracy and reliability. Conclusively, these findings offers insight for optimizing niacinamide-loaded nanoparticle serum and enhance the effectiveness of the treatment.
Cite this article:
Risa Ahdyani, Sekar Ayu Pawestri, Dian Mayasari. Design of Experiment Approach to Optimize Niacinamide-Loaded Nanoparticle Serum using Hydroxyethyl Cellulose as a Gelling Agent. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(10):4557-5. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00634
Cite(Electronic):
Risa Ahdyani, Sekar Ayu Pawestri, Dian Mayasari. Design of Experiment Approach to Optimize Niacinamide-Loaded Nanoparticle Serum using Hydroxyethyl Cellulose as a Gelling Agent. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(10):4557-5. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00634 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-10-10
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