Author(s): Shrusti Kamlesh Chourasia, Suresh K. Paswan, Prakash K. Soni, Sharad Prakash Pandey, Prateek Sahu

Email(s): shrustichourasia27@gmail.com , skpaswan@gmail.com

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00638   

Address: Shrusti Kamlesh Chourasia, Suresh K. Paswan*, Prakash K. Soni, Sharad Prakash Pandey, Prateek Sahu
Industrial Pharmacy Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore – 452003, (M.P.), India.
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 19,      Issue - 10,     Year - 2026


ABSTRACT:
The study focuses on developing a biodegradable in situ gel-forming depot injection to overcome the limitations of conventional triamcinolone acetonide therapy by enhancing drug retention and prolonging its anti-inflammatory action. Using SABER™ Technology, PLGA was dissolved in DMSO, blended with SAIB, and loaded with triamcinolone acetonide to obtain a clear, uniform sustained-release formulation. A D-optimal mixture design with three independent variables was employed for optimization, and the final system was evaluated for syringeability and in vitro release over 24–600hours. The formulations showed a steady, sustained drug release, increasing from 4.5–9.5% at 24hours to 74.3–84.5% at 600hours, with release kinetics best described by the Higuchi model (r² = 0.9784), confirming diffusion-controlled drug liberation. Overall, a long-acting in situ forming depot was successfully developed for intra-articular delivery, with the PLGA–SAIB–DMSO combination supporting extended release, suitable physicochemical properties, and ease of injection. The optimized system shows strong potential to provide longer-lasting relief, reduce dosing frequency, and improve patient compliance compared with standard corticosteroid injections.


Cite this article:
Shrusti Kamlesh Chourasia, Suresh K. Paswan, Prakash K. Soni, Sharad Prakash Pandey, Prateek Sahu. Design and Development of Long-Acting Depot Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(10):4587-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00638

Cite(Electronic):
Shrusti Kamlesh Chourasia, Suresh K. Paswan, Prakash K. Soni, Sharad Prakash Pandey, Prateek Sahu. Design and Development of Long-Acting Depot Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(10):4587-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00638   Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-10-14


REFERENCE:
1.    Radu AF, Bungau SG. Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview. Cells. 2021; 10(11): 2857. doi:10.3390/cells10112857
2.    Yelin E, Weinstein S, King T. An update on the burden of musculoskeletal diseases in the U.S. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019; 49(1): 1-2. doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.04.010
3.    Jang S, Lee K, Ju JH. Recent Updates of Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment on Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021; 22(5). doi:10.3390/ijms22052619
4.    Sacitharan PK. Ageing and Osteoarthritis. Subcell Biochem. 2019; 91: 123-59. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_6
5.    Kulkarni P, Martson A, Vidya R, Chitnavis S, Harsulkar A. Pathophysiological landscape of osteoarthritis. Adv. Clin. Chem. 2021; 100: 37-90. doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2020.04.002
6.    Kraus VB, Blanco FJ, Englund M, Karsdal MA, Lohmander LS. Call for standardized definitions of osteoarthritis and risk stratification for clinical trials and clinical use. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015; 23(8): 1233-41. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2015.03.036
7.    Abramoff B, Caldera FE. Osteoarthritis: Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options. Med Clin North Am. 2020; 104(2): 293-311. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2019.10.007
8.    Anjana V S PMA, Remmya Raveendran. Quality of Life and its Associated Factors among Patients with Lower Limb Osteoarthritis. A and V Pub Journal of Nursing and Medical Research. 2024; 3(4): 161-4. doi:10.52711/ijnmr.2024.37 
9.    Osteoarthritis [Internet]. WHO; 2023 [cited 2025 July 14]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/osteoarthritis.
10.    Long H, Liu Q, Yin H, Wang K, Diao N, Zhang Y, et al. Prevalence Trends of Site-Specific Osteoarthritis From 1990 to 2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022; 74(7): 1172-83. doi:10.1002/art.42089
11.    Lou Z, Bu F. Recent advances in osteoarthritis research: A review of treatment strategies, mechanistic insights, and acupuncture. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025; 104(4): e41335. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000041335
12.    Jain RK, Sharma PK, Gaj S, Sur A, Ghosh P. Knee osteoarthritis severity prediction using an attentive multi-scale deep convolutional neural network. Multimed Tools Appl. 2024; 83(3): 6925-42. 
13.    Anisyah Achmad DP, Thomas Erwin C. J. Huwae, Yoki Surya. Intra-articular Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection Effectiveness in Knee Joint pain patients with Osteoarthritis grade 2-3 Kellgren Lawrence. Research J Pharm and Tech. 2025; 18(1): 321-5. doi:10.52711/0974-360X.2025.00050   
14.    Jowar Arvind JS, Jain Amit. A Systematic Review of the Incidence, Prevalence Work Limitations of Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Back Pain, Multiple Sclerosis. Res. J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2020; 12(3): 103-10. doi:10.5958/2321-5836.2020.00020.8
15.    Hochberg MC, Altman RD, Brandt KD, Clark BM, Dieppe PA, Griffin MR, et al. Guidelines for the medical management of osteoarthritis. Part II. Osteoarthritis of the knee. American College of Rheumatology. Arthritis Rheum. 1995; 38(11): 1541-6. doi:10.1002/art.1780381104
16.    Richard MJ, Driban JB, McAlindon TE. Pharmaceutical treatment of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2023; 31(4): 458-66. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2022.11.005
17.    Sangeeta Mohanty  SP, Debashis Purohit, Sudam Chandra Si. A Comprehensive Review on PLGA - based Nanoparticles used for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2019; 12(3). doi:1481-1488. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00245.2
18.    Yu SP, Hunter DJ. Intra-articular therapies for osteoarthritis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2016; 17(15): 2057-71. doi:10.1080/14656566.2016.1232396
19.    Argoff CE, Gloth FM. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for management of osteoarthritis in long-term care patients. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2011; 7: 393-9. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S24458
20.    Sarumathy S. CH, Muddala Vara Prasanna Rao, Gayathri K., CH Bala Sudhakar, Divya M., Shanmugasundaram P. Clinical Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Intra-Articular Injections of Sodium Hyaluronate and MethylPrednisolone in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of Knee. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2015; 8(11): 1526-8. doi:10.5958/0974-360X.2015.00272.3
21.    Bhagat R, and Saudagar, R. Osteoarthritis: pathophysiology and current treatment modalities. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2019; 9(3): 661-8. doi:https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3.2678
22.    Priyanka A. Mandal NND, Nitin Padole, Pankaj Dhapke, Jagdish R. Baheti. Niosomal-based Drug Delivery System: A Novel Target Strategy for the Treatment of Arthritis. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2024; 14(2): 139-5. doi:10.52711/2231-5659.2024.00021
23.    Brumat P, Kunsic O, Novak S, Slokar U, Psenica J, Topolovec M, et al. The Surgical Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Life (Basel). 2022; 12(7). doi:10.3390/life12070982
24.    Grässel S, Muschter D. Recent advances in the treatment of osteoarthritis. F1000Res. 2020; 9. doi:10.12688/f1000research.22115.1
25.    Ali Yadollahpour SR. Electromagnetic fields for the treatment of osteoarthritis: A review of potential clinical applications. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2017; 10(2): 641-4. doi:10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00122.6
26.    Aging NI. Osteoarthritis [Internet]. U.S. Dept. Health and Hum. Serv.2025 [Available from: https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/osteoarthritis.
27.    Sidhu G, Preuss CV. Triamcinolone.  StatPearls StatPearls Publishing; 2024.
28.    Derendorf H, Hochhaus G, Rohatagi S, Möllmann H, Barth J, Sourgens H, et al. Pharmacokinetics of triamcinolone acetonide after intravenous, oral, and inhaled administration. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1995; 35(3): 302-5. doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04064.x
29.    Olson DC, Lewis JJ. Steroid-Induced Psychosis after EUS-Guided Celiac Plexus Blockade. ACG Case Rep. J. 2017; 4: e11. doi:10.14309/crj.2017.11
30.    McAlindon TE, LaValley MP, Harvey WF, Price LL, Driban JB, Zhang M, et al. Effect of Intra-articular Triamcinolone vs Saline on Knee Cartilage Volume and Pain in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Jama. 2017; 317(19): 1967-75. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.5283
31.    Donovan RL, Edwards TA, Judge A, Blom AW, Kunutsor SK, Whitehouse MR. Effects of recurrent intra-articular corticosteroid injections for osteoarthritis at 3 months and beyond: a systematic review and meta-analysis in comparison to other injectables. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2022; 30(12): 1658-69. doi:10.1016/j.joca.2022.07.011
32.    Tellegen A, Beukers M, Rudnik-Jansen I, van Klaveren N, How KL, Woike N, et al. Intra-Articular Slow-Release Triamcinolone Acetonide from Polyesteramide Microspheres as a Treatment for Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13(3). doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13030372
33.    Chaudhary K, Patel MM, Mehta PJ. Long-Acting Injectables: Current Perspectives and Future Promise. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 2019; 36(2): 137-81. doi:10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2018025649
34.    Kanwar N, Sinha VR. In Situ Forming Depot as Sustained-Release Drug Delivery Systems. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 2019; 36(2): 93-136. doi:10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2018025013
35.    Lin Q, Shan X, Li X, Luo Z, Yu X, Liu H, et al. Solvent exchange-motivated and tunable in situ forming implants sustaining triamcinolone acetonide release for arthritis treatment. Int. J. Pharm. 2023; 645: 123383. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123383
36.    Ibrahim TM, El-Megrab NA, El-Nahas HM. An overview of PLGA in-situ forming implants based on solvent exchange technique: effect of formulation components and characterization. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 2021; 26(7): 709-28. doi:10.1080/10837450.2021.1944207
37.    Madan M, Bajaj A, Lewis S, Udupa N, Baig JA. In situ forming polymeric drug delivery systems. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 2009; 71(3): 242-51. doi:10.4103/0250-474x.56015
38.    Al-Shoubki AA, Teaima MH, Abdelmonem R, El-Nabarawi MA, Elhabal SF. Potential application of sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and glyceryl monooleate for nanonization and bioavailability enhancement of rivaroxaban tablets. Pharm Sci. Adv. 2024; 2: 100015. doi:10.1016/j.pscia.2023.100015
39.    Dubey V, Saini TR. Development of Long Acting Depot Injection of Iloperidone by SABER Technology. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2018; 80(5): 813-9. doi:10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000426
40.    Lin X, Yang S, Gou J, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Qi N, et al. A novel risperidone-loaded SAIB-PLGA mixture matrix depot with a reduced burst release: effects of solvents and PLGA on drug release behaviors in vitro/in vivo. J. Mater Sci. Mater Med. 2012; 23(2): 443-55. doi:10.1007/s10856-011-4521-2
41.    Chetan M Patel MAP, Nikhil P Patel, PH Prajapati, CN Patel. Poly Lactic Glycolic Acid (PLGA) As Biodegradable Polymer. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2010; 3(2): 353-60. 
42.    Wang L, Wang A, Zhao X, Liu X, Wang D, Sun F, et al. Design of a long-term antipsychotic in situ forming implant and its release control method and mechanism. Int. J. Pharm. 2012; 427(2): 284-92. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.02.015
43.    Ahmed TA, Ibrahim HM, Samy AM, Kaseem A, Nutan MT, Hussain MD. Biodegradable injectable in situ implants and microparticles for sustained release of montelukast: in vitro release, pharmacokinetics, and stability. AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech. 2014; 15(3): 772-80. doi:10.1208/s12249-014-0101-3
44.    Kapoor DN, Katare OP, Dhawan S. In situ forming implant for controlled delivery of an anti-HIV fusion inhibitor. Int. J. Pharm. 2012; 426(1-2): 132-43. doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.01.005
45.    POSIMIR® (bupivacaine solution) for infiltration use: Highlights of prescribing information. U.S. FDA; 2021.
46.    ReldayTM (risperidone SABER® formulation) Phase 1 clinical trial results. Zogenix: Zogenix, Inc; 2013.
47.    Vimal Patel BA, Anand Deshmukh, Manish Goyani, Adil Patel. A Review on Long Acting PLGA Based in Situ Forming Microparticles Formulation for a Novel Drug Delivery System. Res. J. Pharm. Dosage Form and Tech. 2016; 8(2): 127-34. doi:10.5958/0975-4377.2016.00017.3

Recomonded Articles:

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology (RJPT) is an international, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal.... Read more >>>

RNI: CHHENG00387/33/1/2008-TC                     
DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X 

1.3
2021CiteScore
 
56th percentile
Powered by  Scopus


SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Journal Policies & Information


Recent Articles




Tags


Not Available