Author(s): Husnil Kadri, Yustini Alioes, Hirowati Ali, Sisca Dwi Yarni, Rahmi Agu Saputri

Email(s): husnilkadri@med.unand.ac.id

DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00675   

Address: Husnil Kadri1*, Yustini Alioes1, Hirowati Ali1, Sisca Dwi Yarni2, Rahmi Agu Saputri3
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Limau Manis, Pauh Sub-district, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia.
2Department of Biomedical, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Limau Manis, Pauh Sub-district, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia.
3Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Limau Manis, Pauh Sub-district, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author

Published In:   Volume - 19,      Issue - 10,     Year - 2026


ABSTRACT:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a usual diseases of metabolism coupled with dyslipidemia leading to aggravated cardiovascular complications. SCUBE1 and SCUBE2 genes have been associated with endothelial dysfunction and vascular complications but have not been extensively studied in T2DM patients with dyslipidemia. The purpose of this research is to investigate potential role of the differential expression levels of SCUBE1 and SCUBE2 genes in blood samples of the T2DM cohort, comparing individuals with and without dyslipidemia in disease progression and vascular complications. Design: A comparative cross-sectional study of 36 whole blood samples from T2DM patients, evenly split between dyslipidemic and non-dyslipidemic patients. RNA was isolated and converted to cDNA, followed by analysis of gene expression by quantitative PCR. The expression of the aforementioned genes in each group was also compared using the independent t-test. Expression of SCUBE1 and SCUBE2 genes on its own was significantly downregulated in dyslipidemic T2DM group as compared with non-dyslipidemic group (p = 0.014 for SCUBE1; p = 0.041 for SCUBE2). This could represent that SCUBE down-regulation is associated with dyslipidemia in T2DM patients. These results indicate that these genes might act on endothelial dysfunction and lipid metabolism, in mediating vascular complications. The study showed that SCUBE1 and SCUBE2 expression differed significantly among T2DM patients with dyslipidemia. Our results indicate that SCUBE1 and SCUBE2 could be novel biomarkers for vascular complications of T2DM with dyslipidemia, warranting further research into their mechanistic roles and potential as therapeutic targets.


Cite this article:
Husnil Kadri, Yustini Alioes, Hirowati Ali, Sisca Dwi Yarni, Rahmi Agu Saputri. Analysis of Scube1 and Scube2 Gene Expression in Blood Samples of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(10):4839-6. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00675

Cite(Electronic):
Husnil Kadri, Yustini Alioes, Hirowati Ali, Sisca Dwi Yarni, Rahmi Agu Saputri. Analysis of Scube1 and Scube2 Gene Expression in Blood Samples of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(10):4839-6. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00675   Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-10-51


REFERENCES: 
1.    Kementerian Kesehatan RI. PNPK 2020: Tata Laksana Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dewasa. 2020. Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/id/pnpk-2020---tata-laksana-diabetes-melitus-tipe-2-dewasa
2.    Delfina S, Carolita I, Habsah S, Ayatillahi S. Analisis Determinan Faktor Risiko Kejadian Diabetes Mellitus TIPE 2 PADA USIA Produktif. J Kesehat Tambusai. 2021 Dec 31; 2(4): 141–51. doi: 10.31004/JKT.V2I4.2823
3.    Ranadheer Chowdary P, Praveen D, Vijey Aanandhi M. A Prospective Study on Incidence of Dyslipidemia in Diabetes Mellitus. Res J Pharm Technol. 2017; 10(2): 431–3. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00086.5
4.    PERKENI. Pedoman Pengelolaan Dislipidemia. 2019. Available from: https://webdokter.id/panduan-pengelolaan-dislipidemia-di-indonesia-tahun-2019
5.    Wihastuti TA, Cesa FY, Amiruddin R, Setiawan M, Wijayanti DN, Heriansyah T. Polysaccharide Peptide (PsP) of Ganoderma lucidum as vasa vasorum anti-Angiogenesis agent in Dyslipidemic state by Measuring Lp-PLA2 and H2O2 Levels: In Vivo Study using wistar strain Rattus novergicus model of Atherosclerosis with Dyslipidemia. Res J Pharm Technol. 2020; 13(7): 3241–5. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00574.0
6.    Flosy Rodrigues e Menezes. Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) effectiveness in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)- A Systematic review  [Internet]. International Journal of Advances in Nursing Management. 2023. p. 210–4. doi: 10.52711/2454-2652.2023.00048
7.    Jadhav VB, Ahire YS, Patil CD, Vaghela JS. Hypoglycemia and Hypolipidemia Assisted Nephroprotective Potential of Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum) Heine in Streptozotocin/Nicotinamide Rodent Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Res J Pharm Technol. 2024; Oct 22; 17(10): 4873–9. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00750
8.    Warditiani NK, Astuti NMW, Sari PMNA, Swastini DA, Wirasuta IMAG. Analysis of Lipid profile and Atherogenic index (AIP) in dyslipidemia rats given Ipomea batatas tuber extract (IBTE). Res J Pharm Technol. 2021 Sep 14; 14(9): 4999–5002. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00870
9.    Santosa B, Cahyani AAAE, Mukaromah AH, Adhipireno P, Ayuningtyas RA, Damayanti FN, et al. Effect of Biotin Treatment on the improvement of Lipid Profile and Foam Cells in Dyslipidemia rats. Res J Pharm Technol. 2023; 16(6): 2779–85. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00457
10.    Pradipta S, Wibowo H, Harbuwono DS, Rahajeng E, Larasati RA, Kartika R. Distribution patterns and risk factors of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in Bogor, Indonesia. Int J Appl Pharm. 2020 Mar 1; 12(Special Issue 1):5–8. doi: 10.22159/IJAP.2020.V12S1.24045
11.    Samidha Kamtekar, Vrushali Keer. Management of Diabetes: A Review. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2014; 7(9): 1065-1072. Available on: https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2014-7-9-15
12.    Creager MA, Lüscher TF, Cosentino F, Beckman JA. Diabetes and vascular disease: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: Part I. Circulation. 2003 Sep 23; 108(12): 1527–32. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000091257.27563.32
13.    Rajendran P, Rengarajan T, Thangavel J, Nishigaki Y, Sakthisekaran D, Sethi G, et al. The vascular endothelium and human diseases. Int J Biol Sci. 2013; 9(10): 1057–69. doi: 10.7150/IJBS.7502
14.    Zhuang J, Deane JA, Yang RB, Li J, Ricardo SD. SCUBE1, a novel developmental gene involved in renal regeneration and repair. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009; 25(5): 1421–8. doi: 10.1093/NDT/GFP637
15.    Ali H, Emoto N, Yagi K, Vignon-Zellweger N, Nakayama K, Hatakeyama K, et al. Localization and characterization of a novel secreted protein, SCUBE2, in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Kobe J Med Sci. 2013; 59(4): E122-31. Available from: https://europepmc.org/article/MED/24598273
16.    Tu CF, Yan YT, Wu SY, Djoko B, Tsai MT, Cheng CJ, et al. Domain and functional analysis of a novel platelet-endothelial cell surface protein, SCUBE1. J Biol Chem. 2008; 283(18): 12478–88. doi: 10.1074/JBC.M705872200
17.    Tu CF, Su YH, Huang YN, Tsai MT, Li LT, Chen YL, et al. Localization and characterization of a novel secreted protein SCUBE1 in human platelets. Cardiovasc Res. 2006; 71(3): 486–95.doi: 10.1016/J.CARDIORES.2006.04.010
18.    Dai DF, Thajeb P, Tu CF, Chiang FT, Chen CH, Yang RB, et al. Plasma concentration of SCUBE1, a novel platelet protein, is elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 51(22): 2173–80. doi: 10.1016/J.JACC.2008.01.060
19.    Günaydin M, Türkmen S, Sahin A, Sümer A, Menteşe A, Türedi S, et al. The diagnostic value of SCUBE1 levels in acute ischemic stroke. Turkish J Biochem Biyokim Derg. 2014; 39(1): 107–12. doi: 10.5505/TJB.2014.43534
20.    Palomer X, González-Clemente JM, Blanco-Vaca F, Mauricio D. Role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2008; 10(3): 185–97. 10.1111/J.1463-1326.2007.00710.X
21.    Spranger J, Kroke A, Möhlig M, Hoffmann K, Bergmann MM, Ristow M, et al. Inflammatory cytokines and the risk to develop type 2 diabetes: results of the prospective population-based European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam Study. Diabetes. 2003; 52(3): 812–7. doi; 10.2337/DIABETES.52.3.812
22.    Yang RB, Ng CKD, Wasserman SM, Colman SD, Shenoy S, Mehraban F, et al. Identification of a novel family of cell-surface proteins expressed in human vascular endothelium. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277(48): 46364–73. doi: 10.1074/JBC.M207410200
23.    Xavier GM, Cobourne MT. Scube2 expression extends beyond the central nervous system during mouse development. J Mol Histol. 2011; 42(5): 383–91. doi: 10.1007/S10735-011-9341-7
24.    Lin YC, Chao TY, Yeh CT, Roffler SR, Kannagi R, Yang RB. Endothelial SCUBE2 Interacts With VEGFR2 and Regulates VEGF-Induced Angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2017; 37(1): 144–55. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.308546 who. 2022; 
25.    Dasar-Dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis, Edisi 2 | Perpustakaan FKUI. Available from: https://library.fk.ui.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=18866&keywords=*&title=dasar-dasar-metodologi-penelitian-klinis-edisi-2
26.    Kil K, Choi MY, Park KH. In vitro differentiation of human wharton’s jelly- Derived mesenchymal stem cells into auditory hair cells and neurons. J Int Adv Otol. 2016; 12(1). doi: 10.5152/iao.2016.1190
27.    Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2001; 25(4): 402–8. doi: 10.1006/METH.2001.1262
28.    Tan E, Faller E. Lipid Lowering Effects of Herbal Supplements: A Review. Res J Pharm Technol. 2022; 15(1): 270–8. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00044
29.    RJPPD - Lipoprotein, Cholesterol, Treatment Strategies, and its Impact on Cardiovascular Diseases.. doi: 10.52711/2321-5836.2024.00032 
30.    Bellatasie R, Suharjono S, Samsulhadi W, Ayumuyas NP. The Effect of Atorvastatin on Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Marker in patient with Diabetes Dyslipidemia. Res J Pharm Technol. 2022 Sep 28; 15(9): 4105–10. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00689
31.    Mahadeva Rao US, Babujanarthanam R, Arirudran B. Clinical evaluation to assess the efficacy of ethanolic extract of avocado fruit diabetic dyslipidemia studied in STZ-induced experimental albino rats. Asian J Res Chem. 2011; 4(7): 1131-6.

Recomonded Articles:

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology (RJPT) is an international, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal.... Read more >>>

RNI: CHHENG00387/33/1/2008-TC                     
DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X 

1.3
2021CiteScore
 
56th percentile
Powered by  Scopus


SCImago Journal & Country Rank

Journal Policies & Information


Recent Articles




Tags


Not Available