Author(s):
Nassima Azizi, Hanane Seghier, Hayette Bouabida, Nassim Zouaoui
Email(s):
hayette.bouabida@univ-tebessa.dz.
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00255 
Address:
Nassima Azizi1, Hanane Seghier1, Hayette Bouabida1*, Nassim Zouaoui1,2
1Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Renewable Energies, Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria.
2Bioqual, Inataa, University of Constantine 1, 25000 Ain El Bey, Constantine, Algeria.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 4,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Lavandula dentata and Laurus nobilis are extensively cultivated in the Tebessa region (Northeastern Algeria) and are used for their medicinal properties. To evaluate some biological activities of these two plants such as antibacterial and antioxidant activity; an ethanolic extract was obtained through steam distillation using a Rotavap, yielding 13.66% for L. dentata and 26.48% for L. nobilis. Phytochemical screening detected the presence of several secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, catechol and gallic tannins for both plant extracts, while saponins were found only in Laurus nobilis. The method used for antibacterial activity was agar diffusion for nine multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial strains.Results showed that both extracts exhibited a stronger effect on Gram-positive strains compared to Gram-negative strains. L. nobilis was particularly effective against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, illustrates bactericidal activity. For antioxidant activity, the DPPH method showedthat L. dentata exhibited stronger activity than L. nobilis at a concentration of 500 µL/mL, with inhibition percentages of 98.77% and 94.64%, respectively. Based on these findings, L. dentata and L. nobilis can be considered valuable alternatives to antibiotics for treating bacterial infections.
Cite this article:
Nassima Azizi, Hanane Seghier, Hayette Bouabida, Nassim Zouaoui. Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of the Algerian Lavandula dentata and Laurus nobilis Ethanolic extracts against different Pathogens Isolated from some Clinical Specimens. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(4):1777-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00255
Cite(Electronic):
Nassima Azizi, Hanane Seghier, Hayette Bouabida, Nassim Zouaoui. Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of the Algerian Lavandula dentata and Laurus nobilis Ethanolic extracts against different Pathogens Isolated from some Clinical Specimens. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(4):1777-4. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00255 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-4-44
REFERENCES:
1. Hana R. Bajes, Sawsan A. Oran, Emad AS Al-Dujaili. Investigating the Anti-Viral and Anti-Bacterial activities of Jordanian Medicinal plants: A narrative review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(1): 127-136. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00021
2. Jiea CK, Fuloria S, Subrimanyan V, Sekar M, Sathasivam KV, Kayarohanam S, Wu YS, Velaga VSSR, Janakiraman AK, Maziz MNH, Fuloria NF. Phytochemical screening and Antioxidant activity of Cananga odorata extract. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(3): 1230-1234. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00205
3. Bayar Y, Onaran A, Yilar M, Gul F. Determination of the essential oil composition and the antifungal activities of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.). Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants. 2018; 21(2): 548-555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2017.1417060
4. Mardiyanto Mardiyanto, Elsa Fitria Apriani, Muhammad Hafizhaldi Alfarizi. Formulation and In-vitro Antibacterial Activity of Gel containing Ethanolic extract of Purple Sweet Potato Leaves (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Loaded Poly Lactic Co-Glycolic Acid Submicroparticles against Staphylococcus aureus. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(8): 3599-3605. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00603
5. Settu S, Uma Anitha KPG, Arunachalam S. Analysis of Phytochemical content and Antioxidant activity of Mycelia sterilia isolated from Boerhaavia diffusa. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(3): 1109-1112. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00184
6. Rather GA, Nanda A, Raj E, Mathivanan N, Thiruvengadam K, Sofi MA, Nayak BK. Determination of Phytochemicals, in vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial activity of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(3): 1161-1166. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00193
7. Vaishvedhidha M.U, Ezilrani. P, Godwin Christopher. J. Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of Cardiospermumhali cacabum and Solanum nigrum. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2015; 8(10): 1417-1422. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2015.00255.3
8. Elbouzidi A,Taibi M, El Hachlafi N, Haddou M, Jeddi M, Baraich A, Aouraghe A, Bellaouchi R, Mothana RA, Addi M. Formulation of a Three-Component Essential Oil Mixture from Lavandula dentata, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Myrtus communis for Improved Antioxidant Activity Pharmaceuticals. 2024; 17(8): 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17081071
9. Monika D, Bhalodiya, Jayant R, Chavda, Nilesh K. Patel, Ajay I. Patel, Ravi A. Manek. Evaluation of Solvent Extraction Process for Asparagus racemosus Root Extract through the Determination of its Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity Assay. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(10): 5108-5114. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2021.00890
10. Kar SK, Nayak S, Mishra US, Dixit PK, Pradhan SR, Pradhan S. Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant activity of Byttneria herbacea (Malvaceae). Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(4): 1659-1663. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00271
11. Pandey AK, Tiwari SP, Biswas D, Patel Y, Jajda HM, Dave GS. Evaluation of Phytochemicals, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory properties of leaves of Ocimum basilicum L. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(4): 1981-1986. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00325
12. Sunayana Vikhe, Shweta Dhavane, Rajashree Ghogare. Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Kajal for its Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Microbial, Anti-Acne properties. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(7): 3295-3309. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00543
13. Bouabida H, Dris D. Effect of rue (Ruta graveolens) essential oil on mortality, development, biochemical and biomarkers of Culiseta longiareolata. South African Journal of Botany. 2020; 133: 139-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.07.005
14. Sharma M, Ajazuddin, Nagori K, Jain V, Balan NS. Herbal, Safe and effective Mosquito repellents: Recent Development and Opportunity. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(5): 2557-2564. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00420
15. Essawi T, Srour M. Screening of some Palestinian medicinal plants for antibacterial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2000; 70 (3): 343-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00187-7
16. Manogaran Y, Jagadeesan D, Narain K, Kumari U, Anand P, Shanmugavelu S. Antibacterial Response of Cinnamomum iners Leaves Extract and Cinnamic Acid Derivative against Pathogens that Triggers Periimplantitis. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(3): 1491-1480. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00242
17. Yadav S, Kapley A.Antibiotic resistance: global health crisis and metagenomics. Biotechnol Rep. 2021; 29: 00604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00604
18. Ahmed MM, Khadum HE, Jassam HMS. Medicinal Herbs as Novel Therapies against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(1): 62-66. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00011
19. Belcadi H, Aknouch A, El amrani S, Chraka A, Kassout J, Lachkar M, Mouhib M,Ibn Mansour A. Moroccan Lavandula dentata L. essential oil: γ-irradiation effect on the chemical composition and antibacterial activity. Scientific African. 2024; 23: 02087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02087
20. Akachoud O, BouamamaH, Laruelle F, Facon N, ELBroudi S, ZoubiB. Pedoclimatic conditions impact the mycorrhizal potential of the rhizospheric soil, essential oil yield, chemical profile, and biological activities in Lavandula dentata. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2024; 27(5). https://hal.science/hal-04716250v1
21. Labiad H, Aljaiyash A, Ghanmi M, Satrani B, Et-tahir A, Aouane M, Fadli M, Chaouch A. Exploring the provenance effect on Chemical composition and Pharmacological bioactivity of the Moroccan essential oils of Laurus nobilis. Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2020; 13(9): 4067-4076. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00719.2
22. Hendel N, Sarri M, Sarri D, Seghiour S, Napoli E,Selloum M.Phytochemical analysis, antibacterial and antifungal effect of Lavandula dentata L. essential oil and methanol extract. Natural Product Research Formerly Natural Product Letters. 2023; 38 (20): 3498-3507. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419
23. KızılyıldırımSuna, Tülay Kandemir, Gülsen Kendir, Muhammed Tilahun Muhammed, Ayşegül Köroğlu, Fatih Köksal, Fatih Ozogul. The antibacterial effect mechanisms of Laurus nobilis extracts on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii isolates. Food Bioscience. 2024; 59: 104-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2024.104011
24. Jaradat N, Hawash M, Qaoud MT, Al-Maharik N, Qadi M, Hussein F, Issa L, Saleh A,Saleh L, Jadallah Jaradat A. Phytochemical and molecular docking characteristics of Laurus nobilis L. fresh leaves essential oil from Palestine BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 2024; 24:223. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04528-9
25. Moghimipour E, Handali S. Saponin: properties, methods of evaluation and applications. Annual Research and Review in Biology. 2015; 5(3): 207-220. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2015/11674
26. Bachiri L, Echchegadda G, Ibijbijen J, Nassira L. Étude Phytochimique Et Activité Antibactérienne De Deux Espèces De Lavande Autochtones Au Maroc : « Lavandula stoechas L. et Lavandula dentata L.». European Scientific Journal. 2016; 12(30): 313. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n30p313
27. Himalian R, Singh MP. A Comparative account on Antioxidant activities, Total phenolic and Flavonoid contents of Punica granatum, Carica papaya, Foeniculum vulgare, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Urtica dioica: An in vitro Evaluation. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2022; 15(3): 1175-1183. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00197
28. Dris D, Boussekine S, BouabidaH. Phytochemical screening and mosquito larvicidal activity of an Algerian Ruta graveolens hydro-methanolic extracts against Culiseta longiareolata. Journal of Entomological Research. 2021; 45(1): 13-18. 10.5958/0974-4576.2021.00002.5
29. Harborne J. Phytochemical methods, London: Chapman and Hall. 1998; p 286. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203483756
30. FenghourH, Bouabida H. GC/MS Analysis, Antimicrobial, Fungicidal Activities and Toxicity of Rosmarinus Officinalis Essential Oil Plant from Algeria. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2025; 34(3): 2665-2672.doi:10.15244/pjoes/188054
31. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts Get access Arrow. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 1999; 86(6): 985-990. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672
32. Fenghour H, Bouabida H, Dris D, Houhamdi M. Antibacterial effect of essential oils of two plants Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Artemisia herbaalba on some bacterial strains. Biosystems Diversity. 2021; 29(2): 73-77. https://doi.org/doi:10.15421/012110
33. CA-SFM/EUCAST. Comité de l’antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie. 2023; V(1). http://doi.org/sfm-microbiologie.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/CASFM2023_V1.0.pdf
34. Prieto P, Pineda M, Aguilar M. Spectrophotometric quantitative of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphor molybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Anal. 1999; 269: 337-341. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1999.4019
35. Dosseh K, Kpatcha T, AdjraY, Idoh K, Agbonon A, Gbeassor M. Anti inflammatory effect of Byrsocarpus coccineus. (Connaraceae) root. Word Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2014; 3(3): 3585- 3598. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272817479
36. Dris D, Bouabida H. Assessement of larvicidal and pupicidal activities of Mentha piperita essential oil and effects in biomarkers and morphometric aspects against two mosquito species (Culiseta longiareolata and Culex pipiens). International Journal of Tropical Insect Science. 2023; 43: 1897-1909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-023-01067-7
37. Grabsi S, Bouabida H, Dris D. Fumigant toxicity, development and behavior assay of Ruta montana essential oil against Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Journal of Entomological Research. 2023; 47(3): 477-48. 10.5958/0974-4576.2023.00087.7
38. Benyagoube A, Sirat M, Dahlis Z. proprietes antibacteriennes et constituants phytochimiques des extraits de la lavande de la region de Tlemcen et leur effet sur quelques especes bacteriennes responsables d’infection alimentaire. 2014; 4(2): 18-28. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326905161
39. Dris D, Bouabida H, Seghier H, GheraibiaS. Larvicidal activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Lavandula dentata and Nerium oleander flowers against the vector of avian malaria Culiseta longiareolata. Tropical Biomedicine. 2024; 41(4): 441-449. https://doi.org/10.47665/tb.41.4.004
40. Bouabida H, Dris D. Phytochemical constituents and larvicidal activity of Ruta graveolens, Ruta montana and Artemisia absinthium hydro-methanolic extract against mosquito vectors of avian plasmodium (Culiseta longiareolata). South African Journal of Botany. 2022a; 151: 504-511.
41. Bouabida H, Dris D. Biological toxicity of Ruta graveolens essential oil against three species of diptera Drosophila melanogaster, Culex pipiens and Culiseta longiareolata. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases. 2022b; 59(4): 320-326. DOI:10.4103/0972-9062.353272
42. Guenez R, Dris D, GrabsiS, Bouabida H. Larvicidal activity of an Origanum majorana plant in two mosquito species: Culex pipiens and Culiseta longiareolata (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Entomological Research. 2024; 48(2): 162-166. 10.5958/0974-4576.2024.00033.2
43. Seghier H, Dris D, Bouabida H. Insecticidal activity of Ocimum basilicum essential oils against a species of mosquitoes Culiseta longiareolata (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Entomological Research. 2023; 47(4): 632-636. DOI: 10.5958/0974-4576.2023.00116.0
44. Bousmaha L, Boti JB. Infraspecific chemical variability of the essential oil of Lavandula dentata L. from Algeria. Flavour Fragr. Journal. 2006; 21: 368-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1659
45. Elharas K, Daagare A, Mesifioui A, Ouhssine M. Activité antibactérienne de l’huile essentielle des inflorescences de Laurus nobilis et Lavandula angustifolia. Afrique Science: Revue Internationale des Sciences et Technologie. 2013; 9(2): 134-141. http://www.afriquescience.info/
46. Miladinovic D, Ilic B, Mihajilov-Krestv T, Nikolic N, Miladinovic l, Cvetkovic O. Investigation of the chemical composition antibacterial activity relationship of essential oils by chemometric methods. Analytical andbioanalytical chemistry. 2012; 403: 1007-1018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-5866-1
47. Pieroza KM. Chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of salvia L. species; Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment, Campinas. 2009; 29(4): 764-770. https://doi.org/10.1590/S010120612009000400010
48. Al-Reza SM, Rahman A, Kang SC. Inhibition of plant pathogens in vitro and in Vivo with essential oil and organic extracts of Cestrum nocturnum L. Pesticide biochemistry and Physiology. 2010; 96: 86-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2009.09.005
49. Fares R, Debabza, M, Mechai A. Detection and prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases production among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urinary tract infections. Biosystems Diversity. 2023; 14(2): 163–169. doi:10.15421/012317
50. Azizi N, Mechai AB. Prevalence of Methcillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonisation among Hospital patients of TEBESSA Region in East ALGERIA. Applied Biological Research. 2022; 24(4): 448-454. DOI: 10.5958/0974-4517.2022.00060
51. Ahmad R. Evaluation of the Gram-Negative Bacilli Causing Surgical-Site Infections and their Sensitivity to Antibiotics in Al- Mowasat Hospital, Damascus, Syria. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2018; 11(5): 2070-2073. DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00384.0
52. Elmastas I, Gülçin I, Ișildako.I, küfrevioḡlu k, Ibaoḡlu, Aboul-Enein HY. Radical scavenging activity and antioxidant capacity of bay leaf extracts. Journal of the Iranian Chemical. 2006; 3(3): 258-266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03247217
53. EL Moutaouakil S, EL Madhi Y, Inekach S, Chauiyakh O, Sbai N, Benzakour A, Ouhssine M. Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Microbiological quality of Strawberry pulp in a Moroccan Food Industry Company. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 17(6): 2505-9. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2024.00392
54. Kyoung-Sun Seo, Kyeong Won Yun. Comparison of In vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Acorus gramineus and Acorus calamus. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2023; 16(1): 13-17. DOI: 10.52711/0974-360X.2023.00003
55. Dall'Acqua S, Cervellati R, Speroni E, Costa S, Guerra MC, Stella L, Innocenti G. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Laurus nobilis L. leaf infusion. Journal of Medicinal Food. 2009; 12(4): 869-876. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.0119