ABSTRACT:
Background: Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has demonstrated promising pre-clinical antitumor properties but its clinical application is limited by systemic toxicity. Encapsulation in biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles offers a strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. However, the use of toxic organic solvents in nanoparticle fabrication remains a challenge. Objective: This study aimed to develop and characterize diclofenac acid-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles using green solvents, and to compare two preparation methods-emulsification solvent evaporation/extraction and spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion. Methods: Diclofenac acid-loaded PCL nanoparticles were prepared using both methods, employing a novel green solvent system. Nanoparticles were characterized for size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency. In vitro release profiles were evaluated and fitted to kinetic models. Results: Both methods produced spherical nanoparticles with mean radii of 115.5±1.2nm (evaporation/extraction) and 103.7±2.0nm (spontaneous diffusion), and PDI values of 0.29±0.07 and 0.26±0.06, respectively. Zeta potentials were -12.1±1.6mV and -3.4 ±1.8mV. Encapsulation efficiencies exceeded 70%. In vitro release studies showed sustained release over 66 hours, with cumulative releases of 36.97% and 39.07%. Release kinetics best fit the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R² > 0.96). Conclusion: The study demonstrates the feasibility of using a green solvent for PCL nanoparticle preparation, yielding biocompatible, sustained-release diclofenac formulations. This approach offers a safer and environmentally friendly alternative for nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems
Cite this article:
Soolafa Al Soliman, Antoun Al-Laham. Green Deep Eutectic Solvent-Enabled Polycaprolactone Nanoparticle Synthesis: Comparative study of Emulsification methods for Diclofenac Acid Delivery in Tumor Therapy. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(5):2358-6. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00338
Cite(Electronic):
Soolafa Al Soliman, Antoun Al-Laham. Green Deep Eutectic Solvent-Enabled Polycaprolactone Nanoparticle Synthesis: Comparative study of Emulsification methods for Diclofenac Acid Delivery in Tumor Therapy. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(5):2358-6. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00338 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-5-59
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