Author(s):
Olivia Nauli Komala, Florencia Livia Kurniawan, Octarina, Syifa Ratnaya Safina, Kelly Nissan Ng, Fadila Rahmania
Email(s):
olivia.nauli@trisakti.ac.id
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00396 
Address:
Olivia Nauli Komala1*, Florencia Livia Kurniawan2, Octarina2, Syifa Ratnaya Safina3, Kelly Nissan Ng3, Fadila Rahmania3
1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Tomang, Grogol Petamburan 11440, Jakarta, Indonesia.
2Departement of Dental Material, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Tomang, Grogol Petamburan 11440, Jakarta, Indonesia.
3Professional Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Tomang, Grogol Petamburan 11440, Jakarta, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 6,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Composite bone grafts combining demineralized bone matrix (DBM), hydroxyapatite (HA), and calcium sulfate (CS) had the potential to overcome the limitations of individual materials by integrating osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and resorbable properties. However, studies involving all three components together remained limited. This study aimed to develop and analyze composite bone grafts composed of DBM, HA, and CS in different ratios (1:1:1, 1:2:1, and 1:3:1), focusing on their surface morphology, elemental composition, and calcium ion concentration. The composites were prepared by freeze-drying the mixed materials and analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental composition, and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for calcium ion concentration. Statistical analysis was conducted using One-Way ANOVA and Tamhane’s post-hoc test. SEM analysis revealed that the 1:3:1 ratio sample exhibited the lowest porosity and most uniform particle distribution. EDS analysis confirmed the presence of calcium, phosphorus, oxygen, and carbon as the major elements. AAS results showed significant differences in calcium ion concentration across groups, with the highest concentration in the CS sample (227.85 mg/L) and decreasing levels in the composite groups, from 190.65 mg/L (1:1:1) to 77.45 mg/L (1:3:1). The findings indicate that higher HA content reduces calcium ion release due to its low solubility, which may help maintain ion concentrations within optimal limits for osteogenesis. The surface morphology and elemental composition suggest good biocompatibility and support for cell attachment and differentiation. Composite grafts combining DBM, HA, and CS exhibited favorable surface characteristics and controlled calcium ion release, making them promising candidates for bone regeneration applications. The 1:3:1 ratio, in particular, offers balanced properties suitable for supporting osteogenic activity.
Cite this article:
Olivia Nauli Komala, Florencia Livia Kurniawan, Octarina, Syifa Ratnaya Safina, Kelly Nissan Ng, Fadila Rahmania. Analysis of Surface Morphology, Elemental Composition and Calcium Ion Concentration in Calcium-Based Graft Combinations with Demineralized Bone Matrix. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(6):2775-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00396
Cite(Electronic):
Olivia Nauli Komala, Florencia Livia Kurniawan, Octarina, Syifa Ratnaya Safina, Kelly Nissan Ng, Fadila Rahmania. Analysis of Surface Morphology, Elemental Composition and Calcium Ion Concentration in Calcium-Based Graft Combinations with Demineralized Bone Matrix. Research Journal Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(6):2775-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00396 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-6-53
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