ABSTRACT:
Antioxidant preclinical test, SOD activity, lipid profile, MDA, and in vivo test using biomarkers ICAM-1, SOD-2, SOD-3, TNF-a, and IL-6 aortic endothelial cells, as well as acute and subchronic toxicity test on the liver and kidney of hypercholesterolemic Wistar rats has been carried out on the ethanol extract of Gayam seeds (Inocarpus fagiferus Fosb). The dose of Gayam seed ethanol extract as an anti-atherosclerosis which was concluded from several preclinical tests using this biomarker was 50mg/kg body weight. The next step is to formulate the ethanol extract of Gayam seeds as a standardized anti-atherosclerotic herbal medicine. Extracts as medicinal preparations before formulation must be dried optimally using pharmaceutical excipients that can attract the liquid content contained in the extract so that the extract becomes dry. The ratio of drying agent and extract greatly determines the nature of the preparation material to be formulated. Extract drying optimization uses a ratio of extract composition to Aerosil® as a drying agent, namely: 1:0.25; 1:0.50; 1:0.5; 1:0.75; 1:1; and 1:2 which are hereinafter referred to as formulas 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Each formula was dried using an oven at 40°C for 24 hours. The results of the dry extract of each formula were then sieved using a mesh sieve no. 20 and testing the moisture content (MC) as well as observing the characteristics of the powder properties of the formula. The results showed that formulas 4 and 5 were optimal dry preparations because the results of the measurement of moisture content (MC) were below 5%, namely formula 4 of 4.20±0.20% and formula 5 of 3.81±0.10%. The flow properties of a powder were observed using 2 methods, namely flow time and angle of repose, where formulas 4 and 5 have a flow time of 5.48±0.52 and 6.51±0.55g/sec, and an angle of repose of 28, respectively. 47±2.25 and 29.77±2.18 degrees. Both formulas have good flow properties because they have flow times in the range of 4-10g/sec and the angle of repose formed is also in the range of 20-30 degrees. Measurements of real specific gravity and compressed specific gravity for formulas 4 and 5 showed data that were not significantly different, so the compressibility value was calculated where the compressibility value was in the range of 12-16% indicating that the flow properties of the powder were good. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the addition of Aerosil® to extracts with a composition of 1:1 (formula 4) produced a dry extract in the form of a powder with good flow characteristics which could then be developed as a powder/solid preparation material for further formulation.