Author(s):
Wira Noviana Suhery, Gressy Novita, Destia Rahmadani
Email(s):
wiranoviana@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00447
Address:
Wira Noviana Suhery*, Gressy Novita, Destia Rahmadani
Riau College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (STIFAR), Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 28293, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 7,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
This study aimed to prepare and characterize the solid-state properties of fenofibric acid in a liquisolid system to enhance its solubility and dissolution rate. The liquisolid system was made with the ratio of fenofibric acid to Transcutol® HP (drug: solvent), namely 1:4(F1), 1:8(F2), and 1:12(F3). The three systems were then characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and polarization microscopy techniques. The characterization results show that fenofibric acid changes physical properties when incorporated into a liquisolid system. SEM analysis reveals that the natural form of fenofibric acid is no longer visible, as it has transformed into a molecular form. PXRD results show a change in the crystal pattern of fenofibric acid, indicating its transformation to an amorphous state. DSC thermal analysis shows a shift in the endothermic temperature, reflecting the loss of the crystalline structure. However, the chemical structure remains unchanged, as evidenced by the FTIR spectrum. Based on the characterization results, the F3 liquisolid system is the most optimal.
Cite this article:
Wira Noviana Suhery, Gressy Novita, Destia Rahmadani. Investigation of Solid-State Characteristics of Fenofibric Acid Formulated by Liquisolid Technology. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(7):3151-6. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00447
Cite(Electronic):
Wira Noviana Suhery, Gressy Novita, Destia Rahmadani. Investigation of Solid-State Characteristics of Fenofibric Acid Formulated by Liquisolid Technology. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(7):3151-6. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00447 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-7-34
REFERENCES:
1. Savjani, K. T., Gajjar, A. K., and Savjani, J. K. Drug solubility: importance and enhancement techniques. International Scholarly Research Notices. 2012; 2012(1): 195727. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/195727
2. Ainurofiq, A., Putro, D. S., Ramadhani, D. A., Putra, G. M., and Santo, L. D. C. D. E. A review on solubility enhancement methods for poorly water-soluble drugs. Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021; 10(1): 137-147. https://doi.org/10.0.16.7/jrptps.JRPTPS_134_19
3. Krishna, A. N., Deepthi, Y., Aruna, S., and Murthy, T. E. G. K. Design Development of Liquisolid Compacts of Atorvastatin Calcium. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2015; 7(2): 93.
4. Hussain, Y., Cui, J., Dormocara, A., and Khan, H. The most recent advances in liquisolid technology: Perspectives in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical Science Advances. 2024; 100038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscia.2024.100038
5. Effiong, D. E., and Onunkwo, G. C. Principles, Applications and Limitations of the Liquisolid System of Drug Delivery: A Review. Trends in Medical Research. 2024; 19(1): 178-198. https://doi.org/10.3923/tmr.2024.178.198
6. Pardhi, D., Shivhare, U., Suruse, P., and Chabra, G. Lquisolid Technique For Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs. Research Journal Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2010; 2(5): 314-322.
7. Chaudhary, N., Tripathi, D., and Rai, A. K. A technical approach of solubility enhancement of poorly soluble drugs: Liquisolid technique. Current Drug Delivery. 2020; 17(8): 638-650. https://doi.org/10.2174/1567201817666200516155733
8. Deshmukh, A. D., Wasankar, S. R., Burghate, R. M., and Ughade, M. A. Liquisolid technique for enhancing dissolution rate: a review. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology. 2013; 5(1): 1-6.
9. Gubbi, S., and Jarag, R. Liquisolid technique for enhancement of dissolution properties of bromhexine hydrochloride. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2009; 2(2): 382-386.
10. Zhu, T., Ansquer, J. C., Kelly, M. T., Sleep, D. J., and Pradhan, R. S. Comparison of the gastrointestinal absorption and bioavailability of fenofibrate and fenofibric acid in humans. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2010; 50(8): 914-921. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091270009354995
11. Kim, K. S., Kim, J. H., Jin, S. G., Kim, D. W., Kim, D. S., Kim, J. O., ... and Choi, H. G. Effect of magnesium carbonate on the solubility, dissolution and oral bioavailability of fenofibric acid powder as an alkalising solubilizer. Archives of Pharmacal Research. 2016; 39: 531-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-015-0701-9
12. Windriyati, Y. N., Sumirtapura, Y. C., and Pamudji, J. S. (). Dissolution enhancement and physicochemical characterization of fenofibric acid in surface solid dispersion with croscarmellose sodium. J Res Pharm. 2019; 23(2): 315-325. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrp.2019.139
13. Suhery, W. N., Sumirtapura, Y. C., Pamudji, J. S., and Mudhakir, D. Development and characterization of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) formulation for enhancing dissolution of fenofibric acid. J Res Pharm. 2020; 24(5): 738-747. https://doi.org/10.35333/jrp.2020.227
14. Suhery, W. N., Sumirtapura, Y. C., Pamudji, J. S., and Mudhakir, D. Solid self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of fenofibric acid: physicochemical properties and in vitro evaluation. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry. 2022; 15(3). http://doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2022.1536705
15. Anggraini, D., and zaini, E. Multicomponent crystals of fenofibric acid-L-proline with enhanced dissolution rate and antihyperlipidemic activity. Journal of Research in Pharmacy. 2024; 28(4). https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.780
16. Suhery, W. N., Mudhakir, D., Sumirtapura, Y. C., and Pamudji, J. S. Comparative Bioavailability Study of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Fenofibric Acid in Healthy Male Subjects. Medical Principles and Practice. 2022; 31(2): 142-148. https://doi.org/10.1159/000522380
17. Argade, P., Patole, V. C., and Pandit, A. P. Liquisolid compact tablet of candesartan cilexetil with enhanced solubility using Neusilin US2, Aerosil 200 and Transcutol HP. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2019; 53: 457-67. https://archives.ijper.org/sites/default/files/IndJPhaEdRes_53_3_457_467.pdf
18. Dhere, M., Chivate, N. D., and Chivate, A. N. Formulation and evaluation of liquisolid compact on NSAID naproxen. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2014; 7(3): 284-289.
19. Shivhare, U. D., and Pardhi, D. M. Effect of non-volatile solvent on dissolution profile of Carvedilol Liquisolid compact. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2011; 4(4): 537-544.
20. Mahammed, N., Yadav, H., Thulluru, A., Narayana, N., Balaji, A., and Mounika, S. Formulation and evaluation of clopidogrel bisulphate tablets by liquisolid compact technique. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2020; 13(5): 2427-2434.
21. Shah, S., Devani, P., Dudhat, K., Dudhrejiya, A., Pashavan, C., and Mori, D. Application of Liquisolid Pellets Technology for Improving Dissolution of Posaconazole: A DoE Based Process Optimization. Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation. 2024; 19(3): 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-022-09651-z
22. Yadav, P. S., Hajare, A. A., and Patil, K. S. Development of Doxazosin mesylate liquisolid system for improved manufacturing processability and bioavailability: in vitro and in vivo evaluation for tailored hypertension treatment approach with modified dissolution rates. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 2024; 45(6): 1227-1240. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2023.2203760
23. Dowsett, M., Wiesinger, R., and Adriaens, M. (2021). X-ray diffraction. In Spectroscopy, diffraction and tomography in art and heritage science (pp. 161-207). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818860-6.00011-8
24. Shastri, U., Sutar, K. P., Jadhav, V. A., and Shirkoli, N. S. Formulation, optimization and evaluation of ticagrelor liquisolid tablets for enhanced solubility. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2024; 17(4): 1453-1460.
25. Winantari, A. N., Setyawan, D., and Soewandhi, S. N. Solid state characterization of acyclovir-nicotinamide binary systems using solvent evaporation technique. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2017; 7(1): 33-36.
26. Aghajanpour, S., Yousefi Jordehi, S., Farmoudeh, A., Negarandeh, R., Lam, M., Ebrahimnejad, P., and Nokhodchi, A. Applying liquisolid technique to enhance curcumin solubility: a central composite design study. Chemical Papers. 2024; 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-024-03741-7
27. Muddukrishna, B. S., Bhat, K., and Shenoy, G. G. Preparation and solid state characterization of paclitaxel cocrystals. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2014; 7(1): 64-69.