Author(s):
Henra Henra, Ema Damayanti, Jaka Widada
Email(s):
jwidada@ugm.ac.id
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00499 
Address:
Henra Henra1, Ema Damayanti2, Jaka Widada3*
1Doctoral Program of Agricultural Science, Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
2Research Center for Food Processing and Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Jogja Wonosari KM 31.5, Gading, Playen, Gunungkidul 55861, Indonesia.
3Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 8,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
The ability of Candida albicans to form biofilms significantly increases its resistance to conventional antifungal treatments, complicating clinical management. This study investigated the anti-biofilm potential of secondary metabolites derived from Bacillus isolates BPY1 and BPY2, sourced from Heterotrigona itama nests, against C. albicans using an in vitro assay combined with a metabolomic approach. Four extracts supernatant (S) and cell biomass (P) from both isolates were screened using a microdilution protocol. The BPY1-S extract demonstrated the highest antifungal and anti-biofilm activity, with an inhibition zone of 13.55±0.00mm and an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 90.24µg ml-1. All other extracts (BPY1-P, BPY2-S, BPY2-P) showed slightly lower IC50 values (100.57 - 101.92µg ml-1). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed that BPY1-S significantly suppressed C. albicans proliferation and biofilm formation by inhibiting hyphal elongation and causing structural damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Metabolite characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed unique spectral profiles, notably the presence of amide I groups. Further Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis identified D-Gluconamide as the primary potential active metabolite in the BPY1-S extract. D-Gluconamide is a known inhibitor of fungal growth and significantly suppressed C. albicans biofilm formation. This investigation strongly highlights the promising potential of Bacillus isolates BPY1 and BPY2 as sources for novel, effective anti-biofilm compounds to combat C. albicans infections.
Cite this article:
Henra Henra, Ema Damayanti, Jaka Widada. Potent Anti-Biofilm Action of Bacillus BPY1 and BPY2 Extracts against Candida albicans revealed by Metabolomics. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(8):3523-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00499
Cite(Electronic):
Henra Henra, Ema Damayanti, Jaka Widada. Potent Anti-Biofilm Action of Bacillus BPY1 and BPY2 Extracts against Candida albicans revealed by Metabolomics. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(8):3523-0. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00499 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-8-16
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