Author(s):
Sanjivani K Patil, Sandeep B. Patil
Email(s):
gunalesanjivani@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00507 
Address:
Sanjivani K Patil1*, Sandeep B. Patil2
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 416416.
2Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Shivajirao Kadam College of Pharmacy, K. Digraj, Sangli, Shivaji University Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India, 416305.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 19,
Issue - 8,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
The current study focuses on the formulation, development, and optimization of Rutin-loaded transdermal patches utilizing a 3² full factorial design approach. Rutin, a bioactive flavonoid with potent antioxidant and anticancer properties, suffers from poor oral bioavailability due to limited solubility and stability. To overcome these limits and improve therapeutic efficacy, a transdermal delivery system was developed using a solvent casting technique, incorporating hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M) as polymer and glycerin as plasticizer. A 3² factorial design was employed to investigate the effect of polymer (X1) and plasticizer (X2) concentrations on tensile strength (Y1) and drug release (Y2). The optimized patch showed desirable mechanical strength, controlled drug release, and uniform drug content. Characterization studies included microscopy, FTIR analysis, thickness measurement, folding endurance, drug content estimation, tensile strength testing, and in vitro drug release using a Franz diffusion cell. The surface morphology showed smooth and defect-free films, and FTIR confirmed compatibility between the drug and excipients. The optimized patch exhibited uniform thickness (0.10– 0.13mm), high drug content (up to 102.01%), and sustained drug release. Stability studies conducted as per ICH guidelines indicated that the patches maintained integrity and efficacy over 6 months at 30°C/65% RH. Additionally, in vivo skin irritation studies in albino Wistar rats confirmed the dermal safety of the optimized formulation, showing no signs of erythema or edema. Overall, this study demonstrates that rutin-loaded transdermal patches can be effectively developed and optimized using factorial design, offering a promising strategy for enhancing the systemic delivery of poorly bioavailable phytochemicals.
Cite this article:
Sanjivani K Patil, Sandeep B. Patil. Formulation Development and Optimisation of Rutin Loaded Transdermal Patches by 32 full Factorial Design Approach. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(8):3583-1. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00507
Cite(Electronic):
Sanjivani K Patil, Sandeep B. Patil. Formulation Development and Optimisation of Rutin Loaded Transdermal Patches by 32 full Factorial Design Approach. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2026;19(8):3583-1. doi: 10.52711/0974-360X.2026.00507 Available on: https://www.rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-19-8-24
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